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CAIN ADAMNAIN

AN OLD-IRISH TREATISE ON THE LAW
OF ADAMNAN

{IV. 12]

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK AND TORONTO

Anecdota Oxoniensia

CAIN ADAMNAIN

AN OLD-IRISH TREATISE ON THE
LAW OF ADAMNAN

EDITED AND TRANSLATED

° BY

KUNO MEYER, Pu.D.

HONORARY READER IN CELTIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL
MACCALLUM LECTURER IN CELTIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
TODD PROFESSOR IN THE CELTIC LANGUAGES IN THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, DUBLIN
DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL OF IRISH LEARNING, DUBLIN

Do Adamnan Iz

asa tdidlech tdiden

ro ir fsu tasal

sdirad mbtian ban nGoidel.
Félire Oingusso, Sept. 23.

@xford

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1905

OXFORD
PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

BY HORACE HART, M.A.
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

TO THE MEMORY OF MY FRIEND

BREDERICK “YORK “POWELL

THE ARDENT CHAMPION OF IRISH LEARNING
I INSCRIBE

THIS LITTLE BOOK

A phairt dom ni airmhim na a aoibhe,

gé fuair mé’na mhéin tar mhiltibh,

a éagmais ghnath, a ghradh’s a dhioghrais,

a chion’s a chogar, a chomann’s a chaoine.
SEATHRUN CEITINN.

PREFACE

THE following work has been edited from the only two MSS. in
which, so far as I am aware, it has come down to us.

The first and more ancient of these is to be found in Rawlinson
B. 512, a well-known and often described codex of the Bodleian Library.
It begins at the top of fo. 45a1 and ends abruptly and imperfectly
on fo. 51bi1, where it is immediately followed by a poem? on the
maledictive psalms selected by Adamnan. This copy, which I call R,
forms part of a separate layer of eleven sheets of thick vellum from
fo. 31-52, and seems to me to have been written in the fifteenth
century. The scribe does not state his name nor whence he derived
his copy.

The second MS. employed in forming the text of the present
work is preserved in the Bibliothéque Royale, Brussels, where it is
numbered 2324-40 (pp. 76a-85b). It is a copy made in the year
1627 by Michael O’Clery from a MS. written by his cousin Cu-mumhan
_mac Tuathail { Clérig*. This copy, which I call ZB, is ultimately derived
from a MS. of the monastery of Raphoe; for the title in B runs thus
on p. 76a: Incipzt Cain Adamnain ar slict senlibwzry Ratha Bothe.

There can be no doubt that this ‘old book of Raphoe’ was also
the source from which F has finally sprung. For though R and B
are not absolutely identical *, their common origin is betrayed by certain
curious spellings and mistakes which all the successive scribes have
faithfully preserved. Of these it will suffice to mention a few. In
§ 8 both MSS. have the faulty Romnat instead of Ronnat; in the
same paragraph both have the unusual spelling doedh for ddd; again,
in § 35 the mistake moert for neort has been preserved by both. In
§-39-both write atroible for_atroilli, and in § 38 caicin for caingin.

The Book of Raphoe seems to have been a collection of documents
relating to Adamnan; for Michael O’Clery’s copy of the Canons of

1 Printed in Hibernica Minora, p. 44. 2 See the colophon printed infra, p. 32.
$ Apart from minor discrepancies I may mention the different arrangement of §§ 4 and 5, and
the omission of the Sententia angeli (§ 33) in 2.

Viil ~ PREFACE

Adamnan contained in the same Brussels MS. is also derived from
it’. Whenever the Book of Raphoe was compiled, there can be no
doubt that our text was originally composed during the old-Irish
period, probably in the ninth century. This is evident from the
language in which the deponent, the s-subjunctive, the particle vo
in its various functions, and the neuter are still in full force.

The treatise itself is a document of historical importance requiring
careful study and analysis. It was my intention to deal fully in an
introduction with the question of its composition, and to point out
its value for the history of early Irish civilization, as well as for that of
the Celtic Church at the important period of its transition to Rome.
But a protracted illness and an enforced absence from home and books
render this fascinating task impossible for the present ; while the bulk
of the book has been in print so long that I must no longer delay
its publication. I will only mention that the treatise is evidently
pieced together from different sources, among which the list of abbots,
bishops, and kings (§ 28) is a most valuable historical document in-
dependent of the Annals. It will be noticed that it contains the
names of the chief members of the Romanizing party among the
Gaelic clergy of Ireland and Scotland, such as Aed of Sletty, Muirchu
maccu Machthéne, Flann Febla, bishop Curetan, and also includes
bishop Ecgberct, the representative of the Anglo-Roman party. The
date of the promulgation of the ‘Law of the Innocents’ is given by
the Annals of Ulster as 696, i.e. 697 A.D.? AH the guarantors men-
tioned in our list, so far as we know the dates of their deaths, were
alive in that year.

My best thanks are due, as so often before, to Mr. Whitley Stokes
and Professor John Strachan for much valuable help kindly given,
while a third friend is no longer among the living to receive my
gratitude. To him who forwarded and followed the publication of
this book with special interest I should have dedicated it, had he
been spared. I now inscribe it to his memory.

KUNO MEYER.

Uj-TATRAFURED, HUNGARY,
August, 1904.

' The title runs: ‘S. Adamnani Canones ar slicht senlibwzv Ratha Bothz.’
* ‘Adomnanus ad Hiberniam pergit et dedit legem innocentium populis.’

CONTENTS

TEXT AND TRANSLATION
NOTES

GLOSSARY
INDEX NOMINUM
INDEX LOCORUM.

[IV. 12] B

PAGES
2-33
34-46
47-5°
51-54
55-56

1. Cédic amsira ria ngein Cris¢.i.6 Adam co dilinn, 6 dilinn co Abraam },
6 Abraam! co Da#id, 6 D#id co broit i mBaibildin, 6 broit Babilone ? co
gein Crist. Mna® rouhatari ndoeriu 7 i ndochraiti frisin réi sin} co tanec
Adamnan mac ROnain meic Tinne meic Aedhu meic Coluim meic Lugdach
meic Shétnu meic Fergusa* meic Conuild meic Néill.

2. Cumalach ba hainm do mnaiph co taineg Adamnan dia sderad 5
7 ba si so in cumalach in ben dia claite derc hi cinn na cobla co ticeth
dar a féili. Cend ind inbir furri co roisceth bruith in lochta. Tar
tiachtain di asin pull talman sin, cainnel® cethri ferglac do tummud’ di
a mul imme zd gereth. In cainnel sin do uhith for a dernaind co
roisceth roind 7 dail 7 dérgudh i tighib® righ 7 zrchinnech. Ni uith
cuit don® m{njai sin i mbulg nach a criol!® nach a n-dentig™ aithigh
tighi, acht a bith i n-iiarboith fri less amuig, na tisad airbuid }* de muir
na tir dochum a aircihiindich.

3. In ben ba dech de mnaiph, ba si opair dogniid, techt ar cenn catha
7 cathroi, dail 7 diinaid, fechta 7 slogazd, gone'* 7 airligh. A tiagh™ looin
for indara taib di, al-lenban for in tdib n-ailiu. A fidcheis fria hais.
Tricha traigeth ina hairdi}®. Corran iaroinn 1° for indara cinn di, conidh
edh doberedh ar trilis 7 na bandscaile aili assin cad !8 n-araile. A fer inna
diaidh ; ciiaille airbed !° inna ldim oc a sroigled 7° ar cenn catha. Ar ba
cenn mnaa 0 da ciich noberthe i tasilbhath in tan sin”.

1 Abraham 2. 2 Babilioine 7. 8 ste B, mnau RX, * meic Fergusa
om. R. * soerath 2. 6 sic B, cainnil FR. 7 tuma 2. ® tigibh ZB, toighib RX.
® din B. * clior sc. " entigh B, oentaig FR. % tisat arbaith ZB. 13 sic B,
guin R, 14 tech ZB, 15 airde B. 16 jarnaidiu 2. 17 thrilis 2.

8 cath B. ® airbheth 2. ” sic B, srobhlugha 2. 2 co rosoer Adamnan add, B.

1. Five ages before the birth of Christ, to wit, from Adam to the
Flood, from the Flood to Abraham, from Abraham to David, from
David to the Captivity in Babylon, from the Babylonian Captivity to
the birth of Christ. During that time women were in bondage and in
slavery, until Adamnan, son of Ronan, son of Tinne, son of Aed, son of
Colum, son of Lugaid, son of Setne, son of Fergus, son of Conall, son of
Niall, came.

2. Cumalath' was a name for women till Adamnan came to free
them. And this was the cumalach,a woman for whom a hole was dug
at the end of the door so that it came over her nakedness. The end of
the great spit was placed upon her till the cooking of the portion was
ended. After she had come out of that earth-pit she had to dip
a candle four men’s hands in length in? a plate of butter or lard;
that candle to be on her palm until division of food and distribution of
liquor and making of beds, in the houses of kings and chieftains, had
ended. That woman had no share in bag nor in basket, nor in the
company of the house-master; but she dwelt in a hut outside the
enclosure, lest bane from sea or land should come to her chief.

3. The work which the best of women had to do, was to go
to battle and battlefield, encounter and camping, fighting and hosting,
wounding and slaying. On one side of her she would carry her bag
of provisions, on the other her babe. Her wooden pole upon her back.
Thirty feet long it was, and had at one end an iron hook, which she
would thrust into the tress of some woman in the opposite battalion.
Her husband behind her, carrying a fence-stake in his hand, and
flogging her on to battle. For * at that time it was the head of a woman,
or her two breasts, which were taken as trophies,

1 A derivative from cuma/, ‘a female slave, bondmaid,’

? Literally, ‘out of.’ Cf. tumad na cainnell a geir 7 uscca in carna, ‘to dip the candles into
the grease and tallow of the fleshmeat,’ Laws, II. 252, 2.

* The use of ‘for’ seems to imply that these trophies were to be put upon the stake which
the man carried, .

B 2

4 CAIN ADAMNAIN

41. Tar tiachtain do Adamnan hifecta ni gatar a forgall ar? domun
degmna, mad i ngnimaib firaib forsitker. Ar is [s|ruith main mathair,
maith main mathair, mathair noeb 7 epscop 7 firian, tuillem flatha nime,
tustigud talwan.

5%. Rochés Adamnan mor dec(h]roid dar uhar cend, a mna, conidh
lib leath for tighi 7 inadh for cathairi isin leith ailiu, conidh sder for
cor 7 for comairchi 6 ré Adamn§in, conid si cétchain laither for nim 7
for talmain do mnaib Cain Adamnain.

6*, Ba sé tosuch in scéoil. Fechtus do Adamnan° 7 dia mathair
oc imticht a® conairi oc Ath Drochait ind-Uaithniu i nHdib Aedho
Oduha i ndescert Breg. ‘Tair for ma muin, a mathair boidh!’ or
sé-seom. ‘N{ ragh, or si-si. ‘Cedh On? cé daisiu’?’ or sé-sim. ‘Ar
nach tu-su in mac gor,’ ar si-se. ‘Cia is goriu® indau-su? Concbaim
cris dar fochrus ocot imorchor as cech bailiu i n-alaile, ocat ergabail
fri fial 7 fri ferad®. Ni fetur goiri dogneth mac dune dia mathair
na dénuim-si duit-si, acht madh certan dognét?° mnai1! lebor bel bach-
laich oca. Huair nach dronaim’™ in certdn sin, dogéntar crot binn
lim-sa deit hicut erfitiud 7 iris findruine eisti. ‘Ced ed Gn,’ or issi,
‘ba maith do gori-se, acht nocha n-{ sein mu gori-se, acht mnau do
hsderad dam ar dal, ar diinuth, ar fegt, ar sl6agath, ar guin, ar erlech, ar
chumalacht choire}*’

7. Sdethe * si dono” for muin a meic, conusrala isin armuch. Ba sé
tiget in dir innosrala, co comrictis da bond na mna fri médhiu cinn 1
a sétchi. Ci!” atconcatar in arbach, ni acatar 18 ni bad baidiu ~a@! bad
troighiu léo inda cend na mna”* for indara burt *! 7 colann for in burt
n-ailiu ** 7 a lenban for a ciich inna collai?®, Sruth* lomma for in
dara n-dil do 7 sruth folz forsinn Gil ailiu 7°. _

1 B places this paragraph after § 21. 2 for mo ar B. 3 B omits this paragraph.
But of. the end of § 21. * Here begins cap. 2 in B. 5 d’Adamnan 2. 5 na B.
" cid taisiu 2. * as goriu ZB, gorium 2. ® ferath ZB. © dogniat 2. Ose B,
mnau 2, 12 nat ronaim 2. 8 cumhulaght coire B, chore 2. 1f soete ZB.
18 dono B, dé R. 16 chinn 2. MW cid B. 18 facatar B. 9 no B. 20 na
mna om. R. a port B. 22 bpurt aile 2. 3 inna colle B, ina &. % srudh R.

25 naile B..

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 5
yore -

4. Now after the coming of Adamnan no,woman is deprived of her
testimony’, if it be bound in righteous deeds. For a mother is a
venerable treasure, a mother is a goodly treasure, the mother of saints
and bishops and righteous men, an increase of the Kingdom of Heaven,
a propagation on earth.

5. Adamnan suffered much hardship for your sake, O women, so
that ever since Adamnan’s time one half of your house is yours, and
there is a place for your chair in the other half; so that your contract
and your safeguard are free; and the first law made in Heaven and on
earth for women is Adamnan’s Law.

6. This was the beginning of the story. Once Adamnan and his
mother were wending their way by Ath Drochait? in Uaithne in Ui
Aido Odba in the south of Bregia. ‘Come upon my back, dear mother!’
saith he. ‘I shall not go,’ saith she. ‘ What is this? what ails you?’
saith he. ‘ Because you are not a dutiful son, saith she. ‘ Who is more
dutiful than I am? since I put a girdle over my breast, carrying you
about from place to place, keeping you from dirt ® and wet. I know of
no duty which a son of man could do to his mother that I do not do for
you, except the humming tune which women perform .. .*. Because
I cannot perform that tune, I will have a sweet-sounding harp made for
you, to play to you, with a strap of bronze out of it.’ ‘Even so; she
said. ‘Your dutifulness were good; however, that is not the duty I
desire, but that you should free women for me from encounter, from
camping, from fighting, from hosting, from wounding, from slaying, from
the bondage of the caldron.’

7. Then she went® upon her son’s back until they chanced to come
upon a battlefield. Such was the thickness of the slaughter into which
they came that the soles of one woman would touch the neck of
another. Though they beheld the battlefield, they saw nothing more
touching or more pitiful than the head of a woman in one place and
the body in another, and her little babe upon the breasts of the corpse,
a stream of milk upon one of its cheeks, and a stream of blood upon
the other.

? i.e. women are admitted as witnesses.
? ‘The Ford of the Bridge, now Drogheda. Cf. Book of Fenagh, p. 81, n. 4.
3 Literally, ‘ urine.’

* Here the words /ebor bel bachlaich oca are quite obscure to me.
® Literally, * she turns.’

6 CAIN ADAMNAIN

8. ‘Is boedh 7 is trogh lim-sa suut,’ ar Ron{njat! mathair Adamnain,
‘ani atchiu fot cosu-su, a chlérc[hjocan! Ced nachamléci? for lar, co
tartur mo chiigh do? Acht is cian mor hiiadh 6 dacihjodar* mo
chighi-si i ndisca. Ni foigfide ni indtib. Ced nach prome din do
c{h}lérchecht frisin corp troach ucut, dis in taithbéoighfedh * in Coimdhiu
erot®?’ Is dé atd in senfocul®: cdin cech culén f6 gaidh™. Sodithis 8
Adamnan fri bréitheir a mathar, co rocdruigh® in cenn frisin médhiu, co
tarut crois dia baghaill?° dar ucht 1? na banscaili, co n-érucht in banscal
SuOs.

g. ‘Uch, a-mmo” Comdiu m6r na ndilai!’ or i-si. ‘Ced dobeir uch
duit-siu?’ ar Adhamnan. ‘Mo claidbeth i n-armaigh 7 mo chor hi
pianaib iffirn. Ni fetur nech sifu #@ tall doneth bdidiu nd tricuirie
immum aght Adamnan 7 Mairei hiiag-ingen ic a’® gresacht a hucht
muintirei nime.’

10. Et iss { banscal rotathbéogedh andsin fri bréthir nAdamnain,
Smirgat ingen Aedha Finn, ingen rig Bréfne Connacht, ben righ Liiaighne
Temrach .i. mna Ua nAedha Odhuha 7 desczrt Breg 7 Liaighne
Temrach, is iat condrancatur immon ath, co na deochaid anim i comatreb
a colla diib, acht dorochratar 1° bond fri bond.

11. ‘Maithi tra, a Adomnain,’ or si ‘hifechta is duit-siu doratath
mna iarthair domuin do hsderath. Ni raga deog xd biad it béolu-su
co rohsoertar mna duit.’ ‘Ni rubai in béo cen biath, ar Adomn§in.
‘Dia n-acet mo siili-siu, rigfet mo lamu ar a cent.’ ‘Sec{h] ni aicfet 1”
do siili-siu?*® ni roisit do! lama.’

127). Sodithi st dono*! iarsin Ronnat co Brugach mac Dedad ”2, co tuc
slabraid ** iadh. Focheird f6 bragait a meic fo Drochuit Suilidhi% hi
Ceniul Chonuild, bale a ndernath in cottach etir a mathre 7 a athre
i. itir Cenél nEndai 7 Lugdach .i. cippé diib nobrised®’ in cottach,
a adnacul béo hi talmain; commaid didiu”* fri Adomnan2’ for nim

1 Ronat B. 2 nachimleici BP. 5 dochodar BZ. * indathbeoaighedh 2.
5 erat B, erod R. ® senocalt ZB. 7 saigh B. ® soitis 2. ® choirigh 2.
1° bhachailtt 2. 11 tar ucht Z, dara hucht 2. 12 ucha ammo Z, a mo &. 13 hico &.
44 rotathbeoadh ZB. 1% deiscirt B. 16 torchratar B. 17 acfet R. 18 7 add. R.
Psr0ar, OG. i. 20 Here begins cap. 3 in B, 1 soithsiu dozo B, soithise dé R.
#2 Dedhad B, Dega RX. 3 slaurath B. *t Drochut Suilicci 2B. 25 nobrisfedh

B, nobrisid R. © comaidedh &, comaitiv Z. 27 do add. R, an leg. dono?

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 7

8. ‘That is a touching and a pitiful sight,’ said Ronnat, the mother
of Adamnan, ‘ what I see under thy feet, my good cleric!! Why dost
_thou not let me down upon the ground that I may give it my breast ?
However, it is long since my breasts have run dry! Nothing would be
found in them. Why dost thou not prove thy clerkship for us upon
yon wretched body, to see whether the Lord will resuscitate it for
thee?’ (Hence is the ancient saw: ‘ Beautiful is every pup under its
dam.’) At the word of his mother Adamnan turned aside, adjusted the
head upon the neck, and made the sign of the cross with his staff across
the breast of the woman. And the woman rose up.

9g. ‘Alas! O my great Lord of the elements!’ said she. ‘What
makes you say alas?’ said Adamnan. ‘My being put to the sword on
the battlefield and thrown into the torments of Hell. I know no one
here or yonder who would do a kindness or show mercy to me save
Adamnan, the Virgin Mary urging him thereto on behalf of the host
of Heaven.’

10. And the woman who was there resuscitated at the word of
Adamnan was Smirgat daughter of Aed Finn king of the Brefni
of Connaught, wife of the king of the Luaigni of Tara. For the women
of the Ui Aido Odba and of the south of Bregia and of the Luaigni of
Tara had met around the ford, so that not a soul of them had come
away abiding in its body, but they had fallen sole to sole.

11. ‘Well now, Adamnan,’ said she, ‘ to thee henceforward it is given
to free the women of the western world. Neither drink nor food shall
go into thy mouth until women have been freed by thee.’ ‘ No living
creature can be without food, said Adamnan. ‘If my eyes see it, I shall
stretch out my hands for it.’ ‘But thine eyes shall wot see and thine
hands shall zo? reach it.’

12. Then Ronnat turned aside to Brugach son of Deda and brought
a chain from him, which she put around her son’s neck at the Bridge
of the Swilly in Tirconnell, where the covenant had been made
between his mother’s and his father’s kindred, even between the race of
Enda and that of Lugaid?, to wit, that whoever of them would break
the covenant should be buried alive in the earth, but he who would
fulfil it was to dwell with Adamnan in Heaven. And she takes a stone

1 clérchocdn, a double diminutive of clérech.
2 Enda was the eponymous ancestor of Adamnan’s mother, Lugaid that of his father.

8 CAIN ADAMNAIN

donti nodascomaillfed’. Ocus fogeib* cloich diarba* lan a ddorn
frisa mbenta* tene. Focherd il-leithdil a meic, conid furri bui sasad
dé etir biad 7 digh.

13. Iarsin tanec a mathair dia fis hi cind ocht® mis, co n-accai
a mulluch. ‘Mo maccan-sa suut’ ar si-si ‘amail bis ubull for tuind.
Becc a greim hi talmain, nita itge® i nim, sec[h] rolosc’ sal, rocacsat
foilinn na farce ’na chenn. Atchiu ni sdertha® mna@ béos de®’ ‘Form
Coimdid !° as chdir a aithber™, a mathair bdidh,’ ar sé-som. ‘Ar Christ
frit, aithirigh péin dam!’

14%. Is 1 pian roathirriged leissi dé, 7 ni sochaide do mnaib dogénad
fria mac, a adnacul hi comrair clocha hi Raith-Both Thire 1 Conaill,
contotar cruma bun a tengadh, co roimidh salchur a chinn dar a
chliasaib immach. lIarsin rusfuc hi Carric! in Culinn, co roattrib%
ocht 1° mis aile!” and.

1518. Hi ciunn ceitheora bliadav, is and tancatar aingil Dé de
nim dia acallaim. Go tiiargbata (sc) Adomnan assa comrair clocha co
Magh mBirra co coiccrich Ua Néill 7 Fer Muman. ‘Erigh siias
hifechta as t’ [fJochlach 9, ar aingel 2° fri hAdamnan. ‘Nocho n-érus”!,’
ar Adamnan ‘co rosdertar** mna dam.’ Is de sin ispert 7° in t-aingel™:
‘Omnia quae a Domino rogabis propter laborem tuum habebis.’

16. ‘Ni ba frim ré-se ma dognether**” ar Loingsech Bregbaén. A
Fanait cenjijuil Conaill do-side. ‘Ole ré i_ndigéntar*® siian fir for
mnaib, mna do bet{hjugud, fir do ofijrliuch?’. Geibid claideb*® don
bodur* amlabor atbezry acht mna do uhith i mbithddire co bruinne
bratha.’

17. Is éat rig*° atraachtatar annside fri bréithir Loingsich do
chlaidhbed Adamnain: Dédelguss mac Oengusa meic Don{n]fraigh
airdri Muman, Elodach ri na nDéisi*, Ciicerca ri Osraighi**, Cellach

1 notus comhuildfedh B, om. R. ? fogeb B. 8 diarbo 2. * sic B, frisinbenta 2.

5 sic B, oce R. ® itche B, 7 roloisce B. 8 rosertha (szc) 2. ® mna do
bheos 2. 10 for in coimdid 2. 1 sic B, aithuhir 2. 12 Flere B begins cap. 4.
8 tire ZB, 1€ carruic BZ, carrich 2. *5 co roaitribh 2, corsattrib FR. 8 sic B,
och RX. 7 naile B, 18 Here B begins cap. 5. 4® as tochlach 2, _® aingil FR,
aingil nime ZB. 41 nocha n-erusa B. 22 rosoerthar ZB, 23 as de atbert 2. t aingil RZ.
25 dognetar 2. 76 a ndingentar 2. 27 d’oirlech 2. *8 cladhebh 2, claidhib 2.

29 bhodhur Z, budar 2, 8° riogha B. 31 nDeisith 2, % Osergiv 2.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 9

which filled her hand. It was used for striking fire. She puts it into
one of her son’s cheeks, so that in it! he had his fill both of food and
drink.

13. Then, at the end of eight months, his mother came to visit him,
and she beheld the crown of his head. ‘My dear son yonder,’ said she,
‘is like an apple upon a wave. Little is his hold on the earth, he has no
prayer in Heaven*. But salt water has scorched him, the gulls of the
sea have dropped filth upon his head. I see women have not yet been
freed by him.’ ‘It is the Lord that ought to be blamed, dear mother !’
said he. ‘ For Christ’s sake, change my torture!’

14. This is the change of torture that she made for him, and not
many women would do so to their sons: she buried him in a stone chest
at Raphoe in Tirconnell, so that worms devoured the root of his tongue,
so that the slime of his head broke forth through his ears. Thereafter
she took him to Carric in Chulinn*, where he stayed another eight
months.

15. At the end of four years God’s angels came from Heaven to
converse with him. And Adamnan was lifted out of his: stone chest
and taken to the plain of Birr at the confines of the Ui Neill and Munster.
‘ Arise now out of thy hiding-place,’ said an angel* to Adamnan. ‘I will
not arise, said Adamnan, ‘until women are freed for me.’ It is then
the angel said: ‘Omnia quae a Domino rogabis propter laborem tuum
habebis.’

16. ‘It shall not be in my time if it is done,’ said Loingsech Bregban,
a native of Fanait he was, of the race of Conall. ‘An evil time when
a man’s sleep shall be murdered for women, that women should live,
men should be slain. Put the deaf and dumb one to the sword, who asserts
anything but that women shall be in everlasting bondage to the brink
of Doom.’

17. These are the kings who then arose at the word of Loingsech to
put Adamnan to the sword: Doelgus son of Oengus son of Dondfraech,
high-king of Munster; Elodach, king of the Deisi; Cucherca, king of
Ossory; Cellach the Red, king of Leinster; Irgalach grandson of

1 Literally, ‘ upon it.’

2 i.e. ‘his prayer is not heard in Heaven,’ or ‘ he has no spokesman in Heaven.’
8 * The Rock of the Holly.’

* ‘of Heaven’ add. 2.

[IV. 12] ¢

10 CAIN ADAMNAIN

Derg r{ Laigen, Irgalach fia! Conuing ri Breg, Brugach mac Dedad?,
Fingin Eoganach, di neoch robatar*® and de rigaip{h] iarthair* domain.
Ni ruc Adomnan claideb les dochum in chathai, acht clocc na fferce
Adomniain .i. cluicin mési Adomnain. Is® annsin atrubart® Adomnan
na bréathra sa:

18. ‘Benaim-si in cluiccin sz i taob Letreg’ ar denlus,
co na hesboi Déelgus daith in laith® forrabéi? Oengus.
Gébut-sai ma psalmu anit '? i n-tiaim clocha!!, nar escli,

co na esbe!? Delgus daith ind laith ebur co ndesctdal§,diicthw *
Maldagt Dé for Elodach for flaith Feimin na nDési,

na rab ri na rigdamnai gabus tadh dar a ssi.
A gilldai umail ailgein, a mic armaig na riagla,
ben clucc ar Cellach Carmain co raib i talmain ria

ciunn bliadna }*.

19. ‘Cellach Derg ri Laigen, acht in mac fail hi mbroinn” a mna,
ni faicfe a sil nach a séimedh 7 cidh ésidhe, bid meth ocus milled dia
chloinn, mani bet dom réir-si. Céin?® bet oc dgbail!? mo screplaigi
frim-sa ni bia fortamlas nacha tiaithi aili foraib. Biaid n-dcctigirinn (szc)
iaidib1® 7 biiaid comruic 7 biiaidh fogla. Gébthair righi tia Cellaig
hiiadib ?°.

20. ‘A gilldai in gascid graduich doroacht Mastin miathaich,

ben in cluiccin *° for Domnall, na rup comlann a blitadain.

‘Domnall mac Murchada”! ri Ulath, acht in mac 7 in t-athair, ni faicfe
a sil?? nach a séimeth 7 ced éad sidi, cudach berus** in dara n-ai, meth
berus araili. Gataim ardrighi nUlad erru.

a1. ‘Ma cluicin-siu, in firbredach, triasradibdad Irgalach,
atteoch in rifg] firbrethach ni rap ri 6 Irgalach.

a 2; 2 Deghad B, Dedoin R. $ robai B. * iartahir RF. 5 as B.
* adubert B. 7 Leitrech 2. ® flaith B. ® forarabha B. 1 aniv ZB, anu RX.
11 j n-uaim chlochda, written above i tteb,tor B. 12 hesba B. 18 condesce B. 4 ria
mblia 2. 15 si¢ B, broinn R. S sic B,icem FR. 17 congbhail 2. 18 n-oigtigerna
foraib #d uaidhib 2. . gebtar righi 2. * sic B, cloe X. 4 Murcadha B,
Murcathai 2. 7 il B, ssil R. % beus X, cudhach berus B.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN I

Conaing, king of Bregia ; Brugach son of Deda; Fingin Eoganach,—
these were all that were there of the kings of the western world.
Adamnan took no sword with him to the battle, but the Bell of
Adamnan’s Wrath, to wit, the little bell of Adamnan’s altar-table.
It is then Adamnan spoke these words:

18. ‘I strike this little bell by the side of Lettir on purpose
That dapper Doelgus may not drink the ale at which Oengus
has been}.
I shall sing my psalms to-day in the stone cave, may it not be

without fame! lofty
Lest dapper Doelgus drink the ale which is drunk dregs. y 139%
God’s curse on Elodach, the chief of Femen of the Deissi,
Lest king or king’s heir spring from him after him !
My humble, gentle attendant, thou armed son of the rule’,
Strike a bell against Cellach of Carman, that he may be in the
earth before a year’s end.

19. ‘Cellach the Red, king of Leinster, save the son that is in his
wife’s womb, shall leave no seed nor issue; and even he, there shall
be decay and ruin to his offspring unless they be obedient to me. So
long as they levy my groats for me, no other tribe shall prevail over
them. The palm of gentlemen from them, and the palm of encounter
and of spoil. The kingship of the Ui Chellaig shall descend from them.

20. ‘O lad of the Church-armour?, having come to renowned Maistiu‘,
Strike the little bell against Domnall, that his year may not be
full.

‘Domnall, the son of Murchad, king of Ulster, save for the son
and the father, shall not leave seed nor issue, and even so,-aefall shall
carry off one of them, decay shall ree off the other. I take the
eRe of Ulster from them.

1.‘ My little bell of true judgements by which Irgalach is made
childless,

I beseech the King of true judgements that no king descend from
Irgalach.

1 i.e. ‘that Doelgus may not enjoy the kingship of his father Oengus.’ This play upon the
words flaith, ‘kingship,’ and flazth, ‘ale’ (i.e. /aith, with prothetic /), is common in Irish story-
telling. See e.g. the tale called Basle in Scdzl, Zeitschrift fiir celt. Philologie III, p. 460, § 9 ff.

? i.e. of the rule of the church or monastery.

® Literally, ‘ of the armour of orders’ (grd@).

* Now Mullaghmast.

C2

12 CAIN ADAMNAIN

Digal! Dé for Irgalach, na rup for Breg firt[h]reabach ?,
ni raib clann na cen{éjlach®, rub derechtach_dibdathack ‘*.
Clac Adomnain firfertaich mor de righaib rofasaig >,
cech Gen fris’fera® catha den aratha rosfasaich.’

Sech rofasaig lesu, rofasaig rfgu o[c]’7 cosnam ban, oc a tabairt ® dochum
creitme®, conid sder a cor 7 a comairchi 6 ré Adamnain costrasta, conid
s{ cétchain laithir for nimh 7 for talmain Cain Adomnain,

22. Ni rogaib Adomnan co tarta ratha 7 gremand fris im 8d{ijre
ban do. ' It at ind so na ratha hi sein: grian 7 ésca, dile Dé arcene ;
Petar, Pol, Andreas 7 reliqui apostoli; Grigoir, in da Patraic, in da
Chiaran, in da Chronan, na ceithri Fintain, Mobfu, Mobi, Momdedéc”,
Munnu, Scothine, Senan, Féchine, Diilech, Cairnech, Cianan 14, Cartach,
Uictor, epscop Cuiritan, Modeldub epscop, Ionan mac Saméain, Foelan
abb Imlecha Ibair, Cilline abb MLothrai, Colman mac Sechnusaig,
Eochazd app Cliiana Uamai, da Finnén, mac Labartha Lain.

23. Doratsat na rathai sin téora gaire mallacht for cech ferscal }*
nomuirbfeth mndi a deis'* na cli na li na tengaid, comad hé a
comarbpa trom 7 nenaid™ 7 traghne. Daratsat na rathe cétna téora
gaire bendagtan for cech banscail dogénath ni ar muntir nAdamnaz,
clamad meinic tistais a minda. Ech cech raithe dia mindaib don
comarba corice in fothracud hi Raid-Both, acht as 6 righnaib sein
nama, co cumunc?® cecha mna chena.

24. Atrubratar mna 7 dorairggerset 1’ co tibritis'* leth a treabthai
do Adamnan ar a taphairt assin ddire 7 asin dochraiti hi raphatar.

2 dighail B. 2 firbrethach 2. § geine/ach B. * delectet dibdadhach B, delechtech

dibdathag R. 5 rofasaigh B, roasaig R. ® frisfer B. Tag B. ® oga
ttabairt 2. ® Here follows in B ar tiachtain do Adamnan afechta &c. See § 4 above.
° Momedéc 2. 4 Ciaran B, 12 fersgail B. 18 des B. 4 tenge 2,
® nenaigh &, irabha add. B. 6 cumang 2. dorairgettar mna 2,

18 ttiobartais 2.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 13

God’s vengeance upon Irgalach that he be not on Bregia of true

dwellings,

May there be neither offspring nor race, may he be forsaken
childless !

The bell of truly-miraculous Adamnan has made desolate many
kings,

Each one to whom it gives battle one thing awaits —it has made
them desolate.’

While it has made desolate strongholds, it has made kings desolate in
defence of women, in bringing them to belief, so that their contract
and their safeguard are free from the time of Adamnan until now,
so that the Law of Adamnan is the first law made (for women) in
Heaven and upon earth?.

22. Adamnan did not rest satisfied? until securities and bonds were
given to him for the emancipation of women. These are the securities:
sun and moon, and all other elements of God; Peter, Paul, Andrew,
and the other apostles; Gregory, the two Patricks, the two Ciarans,
the two Cronans, the four Fintans, Mobiu, Mobi, Momzdoc, Munnu,
Scothine, Senan, Fechine, Duilech, Cairnech, Cianan, Cartach, Victor,
bishop Curitan, bishop Maeldub, Ionan son of Saman, Foilan abbot
of Imlech Ibair, Cilline abbot of Lorrha, Colman son of Sechnusach,
Eochaid abbot of Cluain Uama, the two Finnens, the son of Labraid Lan.

23. Those guarantors gave three shouts of malediction on every
male who would kill a woman with his right hand or left, by a kick,
or by his tongue, so that his heirs are elder and nettle and the
corncrake®. The same guarantors gave three shouts of blessing on
every female who would de-semething_for the community of Adamnan,
however often his reliquaries would come. A horse to be given every
quarter to his reliquaries, (to be sent) to the coarb to the bath at
Raphoe; but that is from queens only, with whatever every other
woman is able to give.

24. Women have said and vowed that they would give one half
of their household to Adamnan for having brought them out of the

1 Cf, the end of § 5 above.

# Literally, ‘took (accepted) nothing.” Thesame phrase in § 26 and in YBL. 130b: mf rogad
acht dentech do dénum imme.

* A common expression. Cf. drissé is truim is traghnadha | a n-oidridha co brdth, ‘ their
heirs till Doom shall be brambles and elders and corncrakes,’ Laud 615, p. 199.

Bee

14 CAIN ADAMNAIN

Ni rogaib Adomnan acht bec hiadib .i. inar find co cimais duib cecha
caildigi aithrighi, screpald dir cecha bantdsigi, anart léineth cech mna
Scthigirn!, secht bargena cecha mna dO{ijre, molt cech tréitine, cetuan ?
noberthai istaigh*® cid duvb, cid find, do Dia 7 do Adomnan.

25. Di mndai leis cech luain dar cend na‘ cana bici 7 mdire sein
dochum nime. Téora® ban cech mairt, ceithri mna cech cétdine, cdic
mna cech® dardain, secht mna cech aine didine’, di mnai déc cech&
sathairn, cGeca ban dia domnaigh. Comainm a mathar fair aniias®,
cibé?° do mnaib in™ talman fora mbeith Ronnat?*, 7 cach ben nothogh-
fadh a reilec, rocindeth a mbreith’® cen mesrugud dochum nime.

26. Ni rogaib Adomnan co tartta ratha 7 gremann™ fria ladim im?
comallad na cana bici 7 mére sin ris. Ar is dé gebther?* rath ar
drochféichimain !", dia?®8 hfc don rath, mani ica in féchem: a macc ar
aithech tighe, a ainjijm ar!® anmcara, cech diil doadas*° tadhas, cech
sderchland cinges*? talmain, cech cloc bentar do tradaib da aiterib 7
da ** rathuib fri laim Dé 7 Adomnaz im comaldad na cana sin ris.

Is andsein aspert ** Adomnan na briathra sa:

27. ‘Mani dernaid maith frim muintir for mndib in chentair,
methfaidh in clann dogénid ** 2é atbélait** co cintaib. Linfaid cessacht
for cuile, flaith nime*¢ nf forbia, ni thésid ?’ for cesacht nd** gia do”
Adamnan Ie.

‘Adomnan 6, T* doforfoirf, a mna?},
. . 2 . - 3: :
tapraid do bfor flaith ° cech maith roborbé **. Kchbe Lalf

4 ¥
Adomnan Ie* inmain cach rolégh libru Ga@idel [njgndth. "#** Au:

28. Iss ead in so forus Cana Adomnaz Iz. Oc Birraib forurmed
a forus se * for feraib Hérenn 7 Alban iimcbithchain co brath a forngairi

1 oigticcerna 2. ? cetton R, 7 in cét uan B. 5 itigh 2. * sic Bha R.
5 deora &. * cecha 2. 7 didin 2. ® cecha 2. ® annuas FR, ® cidbe 2.
aan 2. 2 Ronat ZB. 15 preith &. 14 garmann 2. Sin 2. 16 gabtar B.
17 drochfeichemh 2. ® dina R. 9 sit Bia Ke * ” doada RF. 41 cinnes ZB,
2 om. B. 3 atbert ZB. 34 dogenaid ZB. % adbelaid FR. *inflaih k. ™ teis 2.
* na 2. da Ks Tee (sic!) Be 31 stc B, doforfi mna &,. * dabu

bflaith 2. roburbe 2. * ole ZB. 35 foruse FR, forussa B.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 35

bondage and out of the slavery in which they had been. Adamnan
accepted but a little from them, to wit, a white tunic with a black
border from every penitent nun, a scruple of gold from every chieftain’s
wife, a linen cloth from every gentleman’s wife, seven cakes from every
unfree woman, a wether from every flock, the first lamb which was
brought forth in a house, whether black or white, for God and for
Adamnan.

25. In consideration of this small and large tribute, he to take
two women to Heaven every Monday, three women every Tuesday,
four women every Wednesday, five women every Thursday, seven
women every Friday, twelve women every Saturday, fifty women on
Sunday. In addition to this it was decided that every namesake of
his mother’s, whatever woman on earth would be called Ronnat, and
every woman who would choose (for herself) his burial-place, should
be taken to Heaven without jugdement. 0“

26. Adamnan did not rest satisfied till sureties and pledges were
given into his hand for the fulfilment to him of this small and large
tribute (for the reason why a guarantee is taken from a bad debtor
is, in order that the guarantor may pay if the debtor do not pay):
his son for a house-master, his soul for a confessor, every creature
that moves about, every noble that walks the earth, every bell that
is struck at the Hours are as hostages and pledges in the hand of
God and Adamnan for the fulfilment of this Law.

It is then Adamnan spoke these words:

27. ‘Unless ye women of this world do good to my community,
the offspring ye will bear shall decay, or they shall die full of
crimes. Scarcity shall fill your storehouses, the Kingdom of Heaven
ye shall not obtain; ye shall not escape by niggardliness or falsehood
from Adamnan of Hi.

‘Adamnan of Hi will help you, O women!
Give unto your prince all the good things that are yours.”

Adamnan of Hi, beloved of all, has read the books of the, Gael},

28. This is the enactment of the Law of Adamnan of Hi. At Birr
this enactment was enjoined on the men of Ireland and Britain as

* This /eth-rann seems out of place here.

16 CAIN ADAMNAIN

a maithi, clérech 7 lech, immo flaithi 7 a n-oldamne' 7 a n-epscopu 7
a sithiu? 7 a n-anmcharde%, |

Im Fland Febla sii-epscop Aird Mache + 7/5
Diblaine
Elnai abb Imlechai Ibair
Cennfelad abb Bennchuir 77°
Failbe Becc abb Cliiana maic Néis +7!
Conodhar apb Lismdir (febaa? 1707
Cilline mac Luibnedain apb Biruir*
Colm4n mac Sechnusaigh abb Lothrai 77/?
Echuidh apb Cliane Hiiame
Forandan Cille Dara +69 %
Siiadbar ° Insi Demle
Dibléne ap Tire Da Glas
Mochonnui Dairi (Aa Chennar, eh) p75
Oisine ® mac Glais apb Cliianai Ferta Molia 7706
Maincine Leith[glinne] +726
Moacru
Mobeoc’ Aird
Murchu Balnai
Moling Liiachra® +66
Mend Maiche apb Fernai
Colcu mac Méenaig ap Luscan 762%
Cetiepscop ft 7!2 (Cedtdir (cad. ip. dann )
Curetan ® epscop |
Conamail mac Condin epscop (Contr AU t 7)
Colman héa Hoircc?° apb Cliiana hIraird + 70!
Aedh Sléibte epscop ™ +700
Colman mac Findbair{r] ght-diamere 1797
Cardide * Ruis Mair
Togialloic ia Liain 1%, an t-ecnaid
Ichtbricht epscop {Sh (Sabrent +727)
Feradach héa Artur
Fzlchi mac Maile-Rubai

an-ollamZ&. 7? suithi B. *anmcairde B, ancardeR. ‘*BerairB. *Suabhar 2.

* Oisini 2, Hoisiniu R. ™ Mobeooc BZ, Mobecoc FR. 8 Moluacar (sic) 2. ® Cuirtan ZB.
° Hoicc B. =" AedhepscopSleibte 2. Cairdidhe 2. ~-™ Luan &.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 17

a perpetual law by order of their nobles, clerics and laymen, both their
chiefs and ollaves and bishops and sages and confessors, including

Fland Febla, the sage-bishop of Armagh
Diblaine
Elnai, abbot of Imlech Ibair (i.e. Emly)
Cennfaelad, abbot of Bangor
X Failbe Becc, abbot of Clonmacnois wen Sapo pte SEL TE
Conodar, abbot of Lismore
Cilline son of Luibnean, abbot of Birr
Colman son of Sechnusach, abbot of Lorrha
Eochuid, abbot of Cloyne
Forandan 6f Kildare
Suadbar of Inis Demle
Diblene, abbot of Tir-da-glas
Mochonnui of Derry
Oisine son of Glas, abbot of Clonfertmulloe
Manchine of Leithglinn
Moacru
Mobeoc of Ard
Murchu of Balla
Moling of Luachair
Mend Maiche, abbot of Ferns
Colcu son of Moenach, abbot of Lusk
Bishop Ceti
Bishop Curetan
Bishop Conamail son of Conan
Colman grandson of Orc, abbot of Clonard
Aed, bishop of Sletty
Colman son of Findbarr
Cardide of Ross Mor
Togialloc grandson of Luan, the Wise
Bishop Ichtbricht (i. e. Egbert)
Feradach grandson of Arthur

Faelchu son of Maelrubai
{IV. 12] D

18

R (adi L

my

CAIN ADAMNAIN

Felan ho Cliain Ferta Brenaind
Dibc[h]éine mac Fileth

Mosacra

Melcoisnei mac Conaill }
Murchu macii Machthéine?
Meeldub epscop

Ioain ecna mac in Gobann
Tjojhain mac Samuel

Felan tia Silne +7!!

Loingsech mac Oenghusa ri Erenn (696-703 )

Congalach mac Ferghusa ri Cenedil Conaild

Fland Find mac Mailituile ri Cenedil Eogain 77°?

Concifhjabur mac Mailidiin ri Cenedil Coirpri f'7°¢

Eterscél mac Mailehume rf Muman -
Cudinaisc mac Cellaig? rf _Irmuman ppp? i 17 A) m Fourdud
Cucerce ri Oseirghi +7/%

Conghal mac Suibnei ri inna nDéissiu ~7°/

Eoganan mac Crundmail ri Ua Fidginti

Andelaith ri in Deissi tiiaiscert ( bunlamy % tle riche (C202
Elodach* mac Dinlaingi® ri Desmuman my ; h /
Ailill mac Concenmathair ri Muigi Féne (Srey Mumayw’ AU 79! + rT
Fiachrai Cossalach ri Cruithne .

Béec Boirchi ri Ulad +'7/%

Niel[l] mac Cernaigh ri Breghmuighi +77° |

Ceallach mac Gerthighi ri Diaballaigen® +7/)

Condalach mac Conaic ri Corcu Duibhne

Corpri mac Concoluimb ri Ua Ceindselaig + 7°!

Congal Ua Mrachaidi? eg |
Conall mac Doinennaig ri Ua [Fidgente] +70/ (¢othe jh T (82
Cellach mac Ragallaig ri Connacht +105

Dlithach mac Fithchellaig ri Ua Maine +71~

Diinchad ri Ua nAmalgaid 7 Ua Fiachrach Murisg

Muirgios mac Mailediiin +49%

Maicnia ri Arda ta nEchach +0

1 Dall 2. 2 Macteni 2. 5 Forcellaich 2. * Eoladhach #, Elodhach 2. ® Dun-

laing 2. ®° rig Diaballaigen RF. 7 Mbrachaidiu 2, Marcadha 2.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 19

Faelan of Clonfert-Brenainn
Dibchene son of Fili

Mosacra

Maelcoisni son of Conall

Murchu the descendant of Machtheine
Bishop Maeldub

Ioain of the wisdom, son of the Smith
Iohain son of Samuel

Faelan grandson of Silne

Loingsech son of Oengus, king of Ireland

Congalach son of Fergus, king of Tirconnell

Fland Find son of Maeltuile, king of Tyrone
Conchabur son of Maelduin, king of the Kinel Coirpri
Eterscel son of Maelhuma, king of Munster

Cudinaisc son of Cellach, king of Est Munster 7y, ,.
Cucherca, king of Ossory

Congal son of Suibne, king of the Dessi

Eoganan son of Crundmal, king of the Ui Fidgenti
Andelaith, king of the northern Dessi

Elodach son of Dunlang, king of Desmond

Ailill son of Cu-cen-mathair, king of Mag Fene
Fiachra Cosalach, king of the Picts

Becc Boirchi, king of Ulster

Niall son of Cernach, king of Breg-mag

Cellach son of Gerthide, king of Diaballaigin
Condalach son of Conang, king of Corco Dubne
Corpri son of Cu-choluimb, king of the Ui Chennselaig
Congal grandson of Mrachaide

Conall son of Doinennach, king of the Ui [Fidgente]
Cellach son of Ragallach, king of Connaught
Dluthach son of Fidchellach, king of the Ui Maine
Dunchad king of the Ui Amalgaid and of the Ui Fiachrach Murisc
Muirges son of Maelduin

Macnia, king of Ard of the Ui Echach
D2

20 CAIN ADAMNAIN

Murchad Midi

Colman mac Rechtabrat ri Fernae?

Mzlfothartaigh r mac Maolduib (Pg. Aurgrallon T 697)
Dub-diberg ? 7+ 703 B :

Mane * mac Naill cnet

Melcaich mac Noindenaig

Erthuile* Ga Crundmail ,5& AU,700 )

Aed® Odbae +7?’

Echuid ® mac Dinchadha ri na nDéisi

Aodh mac Dlithaig ri Cul +7

Flaithnia mac Ferghaile -
Fiannamuild ia Dinchatai? Pee { bdr dé Riad. )
Ferathach tia Ciarain (+7047

Fethlimith * ta Fergusz 4 70 |

Fallomuin rf Ua Tyirtri ;

Fergus Forchraidh Fécortach® +702 i Haley bbe 7 as
Garban ri Mide?? + 4702

Euchu Lemne rii Ua Cremthain 79%

Euchu tia Domnaill ri [ ] 7697

Conall Grant rii deiscirt Breg +7/% 2)
Tiothal ia Diinchatha rf Ua! Conaill Gabre (t es
Toicthech * mac Cinnfelad ri Lugne 7734

Bodbhchath ri Luighne +7*4

Lies
Irgalach tia Conaing rf Ciannachte tf (Lint Hy Cortes Pick ' ) T 06

Bruide mac Derilei ri Cruithintiathi,
et impidi fer nErenn uli etir laochu 7 élerchu,

29. Tocuitchetar tra huli lechazd 7 cléirchibh }* 6gh cana Adomnan
do comalnad™ co bradh. Atropartatar’® ldnéraic a mbanchro ** do
Adomnan 7 do cach comorbuo” bias ina suidiu co bradh 7 ni gata 18
Adomnan fiachu ar flaith 7 eclais 7 fine dia mbi dir’.

30. Roggadhatar tra ndibecalsi Hérenn ule im Adomnan Gentaid ”
inna déachta athar 7 maic 7 spiréo*! noib 7 muntire nime 7 ndebu

1 Ferna B. ? Dibeirgee RF. * Manei 2, Maine 2. * Ertuile 2.
5 sic B, Aeod R. ® Aechuidh R, Eachuid B. 7 Duncadha B&. 8 Feidhlim 2.
® Fogartach 2. 10 Mide ri R, Garban Mide ri BZ. 1 om. B. 12 Toicech 2.

13 lecu 7 cleirciu 2. ‘' chomhallnat 2, comallad R. % atrobhratar &. 1° a mbanchara 2.
comarba &. cata B,cattaR. % diammbi dir 2. ? oentaigh B. spiorad 2.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 2I

Murchad of Meath
Colman son of Rechtabra, king of Ferns
Maelfothartaig son of Maeldub
Dub-diberg
Mane son of Niall
Maelcaich son of Noindenach
Erthuile grandson of Crundmal
Aed of Odba
Echuid son of Dunchad, king of the Deisi
Aed son of Dluthach, king of the Fir Cul
Flaithnia son of Fergal
Fiannamail grandson of Dunchad
Feradach grandson of Ciaran
Fedlimid grandson of Fergus
Fallomain, king of the Ui Tuirtri
Fergus Forchraid Fogartach
Garban, king of Meath
Eochu Lemna, king of the Ui Cremthain
Eochu grandson of Domnall, king of the [ |
Conall Grant, king of southern Bregia
Tuathal grandson of Dunchad, king of the Ui Chonaill Gabra
Toicthech son of Cennfaelad, king of Luigni
Bodbchath, king of Luigni
Irgalach grandson of Conang, king of Ciannacht
Bruide son of Derile, king of the Pict-folk,
and the intercession of all the men of Ireland, both laymen and clerics.
29. All then, both laymen and clerics, have sworn to fulfil the whole
Law of Adamnan till Doom. They have offered up the full eve of their
female stock to Adamnan, and to every coarb who will be in his seat till
Doom, nor does Adamnan take away fines from chieftain and church
and family to whom they are due.
30. Now, all the holy churches of Ireland together with Adamnan
have besought the unity of the Godhead of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Spirit, and the heavenly hosts, and the saints of the

22 _ CAIN ADAMNAIN

in talman, cach den comaldathar in cain si etir saigid 7 timmarcain
7 comalnath 7 Graicc, arim sirsegul somma 7 arop airmitnech féith
la Dia 7 ddine, arzm inducbude in-nim 7 hi talmain.

31. Rogadatar davo! ndibeccailsi Hérenn im Adhomnan Dia co
ngradaiph nime 7 ndebhaib? talman, nach den loittfis Chain nAdamnan
itir lechu 7 cléirciu, nadasia 7 nadacomallnathar® a neort 7 a cumung*
7 natimarr® for cach itir flaith 7 eclais, arimm garit a hsegul co
n-imniuth 7 digrad®, cen athgabail nime na talman tadhibh.

32. Rosuidigestar? Adomnan ordd n-escoine ddaib dazo .i. psalm
cach laithe co fichit laa* 7 apstal nO tiasalndeb cach lai do attach
leiss .i.‘ Quare’ 7 Petar,‘ Domine quidh multiplicati’ 7° Iohain 1°, ‘ Uerba
mea’ 7 Pilip, ‘Domine deus meus’ 7 Partalon, ‘Dixit insipiens’ 7
Tomas, ‘Deus, deus meus respice’ 7 Mathias ™, ‘Iudica me Domine
innocenxtium’!* 7 Iacob, ‘ Dixit iniustus’ 7 Simon, ‘Domine ne qm (in
furore B) 7 Tatheus, ‘Dixi custodiam’ 7 Madian, ‘Deus deorum’ 7
Marcus, ‘ Quidh glorfijaris ’ 7 Lucas, ‘ Dixit insipiens ’ 7 Stefan, ‘ Exurgat
Deus’ 7 Ambrois, ‘Saluum me’ 7 Grigair Rome, ‘Deus uenerunt
gentes’ 7 Martan, ‘Deus quis similis’ 7 Senpdl, ‘Deus laudem’ 7
Giurgius!*, ‘Audite caeli quae loquar non nobis Domine, non nobis,
sed nomini tuo,’ 7 rl".

33. Incipit sententia angeli Adomnano :—

Adomnanus post .xiiii, annos hanc legem Deo rogauit 7 causa.
Angelus sanctus Domini in nocte pentecosten ad eum 7 post annum
in altero pentecosten 7 poculum? arripuit 7 percussit latus eius 7
dixit ei: Exi in Hiberniam 7 fac legem in ea ne mulieres ullo’® more
ab homine occidentur iugulatione uel quacunque morte uel ueneno
uel in aqua uel in igne uel a quocunque peccode uel in fouea” uel
canibus nisi in lectulo legitimo. Te oportet perficere legem in Hibernia
Britaniaque propter matrem uniuscuiusque, quod mater ** unumquemque

1 rogadhatar tra 2, roggatar RF. 2 an add. B. 3 nadacomallatkar B, nach comallna-
hathar 2. * cumug #, cumhang 2. Snatimmair B. ° diagradh XR. 7 rosuidhistair ZB,
rosuidhigthar 2. 8 co cenn fichett la ZB. 9 om. R. 10 Eoin 2. 11 Mathias 2B.
2 om. B. 8 &c. add. B. 1s B omits this sentence, as well as the following section

15 an leg. baculum ? 1% uilo RF. 17 fonea RF, 18 matre 2,

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 23

earth, that whoever fulfils this Law, both as to claim and levy and-fulfil-
ument and eric, may have a long and prosperous life, and may be honoured
in the eyes of God and of men, may be exalted in Heaven and on earth.

31. The holy churches of Ireland, together with Adamnan, have also
besought God with the orders of Heaven and the saints of the earth,
that whoever shall break the Law of Adamnan, both laymen and clerics,
whoever shall not claim it, and shall not fulfil it to the best of his
power, and shall not levy it from every one, both chieftain and church,—
his life may be short with suffering and dishonour, without any of their
offspring attaining Heaven or earth.

32. Adamnan has also set down an order of malediction for them,
to wit, a psalm for every day up to twenty days, and an apostle or
a noble saint fox every day to be invoked with it, to wit, ‘ Quare’ and
Peter, ‘Domine quid multiplicati’ and John, ‘Verba mea’ and Philip,
‘Domine deus meus’ and Bartholomew, ‘ Dixit insipiens’ and Thomas,
* Deus, deus meus respice’ and Matthew, ‘/udica me Domine innocentium??
and Jacob, ‘Dixit iniustus’ and Simon, ‘Domine ne in furore’ and
Thaddeus, ‘ Dixit custodiam’ and Matthias, ‘Deus deorum’ and Mark,
‘Quid gloriaris’ and Luke, ‘Dixit insipiens’ and Stephen, ‘Exurgat
deus’ and Ambrose, ‘ Salvum me’ and Gregory of Rome, ‘ Deus, uene-
runt gentes’ and Martin, ‘Deus, quis similis’ and old Paul, ‘Deus
laudem’ and George. ‘ Audite caeli quae loquor, ‘Non nobis, Domine,
non nobis, sed nomini tuo, &c.”

33. Here begins the speech of the angel to Adamnan :—

After fourteen years Adamnan obtained this Law of God, and this is
the cause. On Pentecost eve a holy angel of the Lord came to him,
and again at Pentecost after a year, and seized a staff, and struck
his side, and said to him: ‘Go forth into Ireland, and make a law in
it that women be not in any manner killed by men, through slaughter
or any other death, either by poison, or in water, or in fire, or by any
beast, or in a pit, or by dogs, but that they shall die in their lawful
bed. Thou shalt establish a law in Ireland and Britain for the sake
of the mother of each one, because a mother has borne each one, and

* Leg. Iudica, Domine, nocentes me (Ps. 34).
3 See a poem on these maledictive psalms (sai/m escaine) of Adamnan in Aibernica Minora,
P- 44-

ras

24 CAIN ADAMNAIN

portauerit 7 propter Mariam matrem Iesu Christi per quam totus est.
Maria filium suum apud! Adomnanum circa hanc legem rogauit.
Quicumque enim occiderit mulierem duplici poena damnetur, id est
manus eius dextera 7 pes sinister ante mortem abscidetur 7 postea
moritur 7 red{djunt? fines® eius septem ancellas plenas 7 septimam
penitentiae. Quod si fuerit pretium inpositum pro anima 7 pro
circumcisione ‘, .xiiii. anni penitentiae 7 .xiili. ancellafe] red{dJentur ;
quod si aggmen autem fecerit, quintus uir usque tricentos ista ultione
damnetur; quod si pausi®, diuidentur in tres partes. Prima pars ex
illis sorte mortificatur 7 circumcidetur manu 7 pede, altera reddet .xiiii.
anncellas plenas, tertia iactatur in peregrinationem trans mare sub
regula regiminis duri, quod grande peccatum qui matrem 7 sororem
matris Christi 7 matrem Christi occidit 7 collum® unumquemque por-
tantem 7 omnem hominem uestientem contriuit. Qui autem feminam
ab ipso die mortificauerit penitentiam secundum legem non agens
non solum Deo 7 Adomnano in aeternum peribit [et] maledictus erit,
sed maledicti erunt omnes qui audierint 7 non maledicent 7 non
corripient eum secundum iudic{ijum huius legis.

Ista est sententia angeli Adomnano.

i
A

34. Iss ead in so forus cana Adomnan’ for Hérinn 7 Albain:
sdire ecalsi Dé cona muintir 7 a fethlaib 7 a termnaib 7 a n-ule folud
béudu 7 marbdu 7 al-laichib dligthechazd cona cétmunteraib téchtaidib
bite fo réir Adomnain 7 anamcharat téchtaide ecnaid craibthig. Forta
forus inna cana se Adomnain bithcain for clérchu 7 banscala 7 maccu
encu co mbat® ingnima fri guin duine 7 co mbat inbuithi® fri tiaith
7 confestar a n-immérgi’°. |

35. Nech gonus 7 marbus macclérech nd mac endacc a téchtu canal?
Adomniain, ocht cumala’’ cacha ldma, ocht mbliadna }* penda ind condice

1 Tr. Ja, § on behalf of.’ 2 Jeg, reddant. > Ir. fini, ‘ relatives.’ * Ir. emdibe,
‘amputation, cutting off.’ 5 Jeg. pauci. ® Jeg. colum. 7 Adomnain 2.
8 stc B, mbad 2. % inbuite 2. 10 anaimergi B, anaimerse 2X. it canu &.

38 930 Bi OM. kk. 13 secht mbliadna B.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 25

for the sake of Mary mother of Jesus Christ, through whom all
are. Mary besought her Son on behalf of Adamnan about this Law.
For whoever slays a woman shall be condemned to a twofold punish-
ment, that is, his right hand and his left foot shall be cut off before
death, and then he shall die, and his kindred shall pay seven full cumals’,
and one-seventh part ofthe penance. If, instead of life and amputation,
a fine has been imposed, the penance is fourteen years, and fourteen
cumals shall be paid. But if a host has done it, every fifth man up
to three hundred shall be condemned to that punishment ; if few, they
shall be divided into three parts. The first part of them shall be
put to death by lot, hand and foot having first been cut off; the second
part shall pay fourteen full cumadls; the third shall be cast into exile
beyond the sea,under the rule of hard regimen; for the sin is great
when any one slays the mother and the sister of Christ’s mother and
the mother of Christ, and her who carries the spindle and who clothes
every one. But he who from this day forward shall put a woman
to death and does not do penance according to the Law, shall not
only perish in eternity, and be cursed for God and Adamnan, but all
shall be cursed that have heard it and do not curse him, and do not
chastise him according to the judgement of this Law.’

This is the speech of the angel to Adamnan.

34. This is the enactment of Adamnan’s Law in Ireland and Britain:
exemption of the Church of God with her people? and her emblems
and her sanctuaries and all her property, live and dead, and her law-
abiding laymen with their lawful wives who are obedient to Adamnan
and to a lawful, wise and pious confessor. The enactment of this
Law of Adamnan is a perpetual law on behalf of clerics and women
and innocent children until they are capable of slaying a man, and
until they take their place in the tribe, and their (first) expedition
is known.

35. Whoever wounds or slays a young clerical student or an
innocent child under the ordinance of Adamnan’s Law, eight cuma/s for

‘ ancillas plenas, Ir. /én-chumala. A cumal, or ‘bondmaid,’ represented the value of three
milch-cows.
? i. e. the communities of monks. ~

(IV. 12) E

26 CAIN ADAMNAIN

tri chét chumal 7 bliadain penda ind? cach din? 6 trib cétaib*® co
mile * nd diarim 7 is cumme fiach nech fofich® 7 aridaccai 7 nachidanaig
a neort®. Mad étged no anfes, lethfiach ind 7 arracuir asn-étged 7
asn-anfes ’.

36. Forta forus na cana sa: dghdiriu do cech eclais bis i cdinbéscnu ;
leithdire di® ina termund sechtar faithchi® ; oghdiri di de cech grad etir
guin 7 gait! 7 forloscud™; leithdiri da blai-neimthib’; leithdire a™®
foltmaissi clérech nama cen guin, cen gait. Is dghdiri’* nach eclais
fria sarughud a fethtaltz, cip port i ndéntur.

37. It é brithimain canee Adomnan i cach eclais 7 i cach thiaith
i. clérich dongoat munter Adomnan 7 dia n-aithnet forus a canae.

38. It é gella na canu sz: trian gild di humui no argit’ fo mes
cacha crichiu a tothucht!* cacha cainggne. Gell ar trisi, breth ar
coicthi?’, hic ar dechmaid di caingnib olchene. Gell a ochtaib,
breth ar trisi18, hic ar cdicthi}® isin caingin®° se. at

39. Fortha”! forus na cana as** meise cacha_ saigte[clhe 7° for
aitiri eter gradu tiiathi 7 gradu ecalse i crichaib immed6n 7 i crichaib *4
dianechtair di fiachaib beccaiph 7 moraibh ar réir Adomnan no
a muintire™. Apad 7 forais, 7 ni dibdai Cain Adomnain nach a
muntire.

40. Fortha forus na cane: dia ngontar maic annaic no cléirich,
is dia n-tiamaib adnacail tiaguit a féich*® 7 a féich?’ erradais dia
flaithib a finib.

41. Forta a forus na cane asn-eirrithi?’ lanfiachaib do Adomnan

1 pendanain #. cH A. 3 cedaibh B, om. R. * commile 2. ° 718
cuma fofich 2. 5 noert RBZ. 7 isnetget anfes BZ. 8 cainbes leth di B.
® faithdi RF, faiti 2. 1 goit B, gaid R. 1! forloscadh BZ, forlascuch 2,
12 blanimtibh 2. ely oP 14 Here follows in B: cana Adomnain i cech tuaith 7 i
ecech ecclais .i. cleirech dongoat muinter Adhomhnan 7 dianithnet (szc) forus cana &c., as in
§ 37. 45 q’umhu no d’argat B. 16 toact ZB. 17 bret ar coicthi 2, bert a docthi 2.
#8 bret ar treisiv B. 19 coicicti B, cocicthi R. 20 caicin RZ. 4 forta B.
ear J. %% saigtighe 2. 4 a ccriochaib Z, in cricha R. 35 Adomnan nd
a muintire om. R. % feiach R. 7 fecich R. = ® asneirrich RZ.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 27

it for every hand (engaged), with eight years of penance, up to three
hundred cumals; and one year of penance for it for each one from
three hundred to one thousand or an indefinite number; and it is the
‘same fine for him who commits the deed and for him who sees it
and does not save to the best of his ability. If thereis negleet or
ignorance, half the fine for it, and ....1 that it is-neglect and that it
is ignorance. ‘epeeeey

36. A further enactment of this Law: full due to every Church
which is in good behaviour; half-due to her for her ¢ermon outside
the green; full due to her for every degree”, both for wounding
and theft and burning; half-due for her sanctuaries; half-due for
merely touching-the -hair-(?) of clerics without wounding or theft.
It is full due to every church for violating her erablemts wherever it is
done.

37. These are the judges of Adamnan’s Law in every church and
in every tribe, to wit, the clerics whom the community of Adamnan
chooses and to whom they commit the enactment of the Law.

38. These are the pledges of this Law: one-third of the pledge in
bronze or silver, according to the estimation of every territory, out of

the property of every case. The pledge .(to-be_redeemed) on the

third day, judgement on the fifth day, payment on the tenth in all.

other cases; in this case the pledge (isto be redeemed) at once (?),
judgement on the third day, payment on the fifth.

39. A further enactment of the Law, that in every suit a hostage
is to be adjudged (?) both for the ranks of the laity and those of the
church, within territories inside and outside, for small and large dues,
in obedience to Adamnan or his communities. There is legal notice
and impounding, and the Law of Adamnan or his communities shall
not become extinct.

40. A further enactment of the Law: If innocent children or
clerics are slain, it is to their tombs of burial their dues come, and
their wrradas-dues to their chiefs within their kindred.

41. A further enactment of the Law, that payment in full fines is to

1 arracuir is obscure to me. See the notes.
2 i.e. the orders of the Church,

E 2

want

28 CAIN ADAMNAIN

na banscal romarbthar, acht ropbé cuit duine occa 2d cethra dé con
no teined no claidh xd cumtaigh, ar is eirrithi! cach ndénte hi Cain
itir claid 7 cuithe 7 drochat 7 tenlach 7 céim 7 lindi® 7 athi® 7 cach
ingreim* olchena, acht atretti® banscal dé. Acht facabar® trian fri
herchomét, Mad escond, atbéla ann? in da trian aile, A®* trian
inti asa dir.

42. Cip aided admbéla banscal, acht chuit Dé nod choiblighe diles
théchtaide, asrenar lanfiachaib? do Adhomnan etir guin 7 badudh 7
loscud 7 neim 7 chombach 7 chechrad 7 athcumba 6 biastaib cenntaib '°
7 mucaib 7 chethruiph. Mad cétchin dovg‘a foluth ™ nd dona muccaib
no dona conaiph, a mmarbath fdécétdir 1 7 lethfiach lama !* duine ind ;
mani cétchin, asrenar!! lanfiachaib 1°.

43. Ni dleghar tra frithfola hi Cain Adomnain na comard cinath,
acht asren cach a chinta ar a ldim. Na foachta foffJechar i Cain
Adomnan, dligith munter Adomnain !* forbach ? dé cenmotha_banscila,
cit”*: maicc ennaio cit *° elgtig {5 do neoch dian timnat) cumal
forbaich do muntir Iae vs airm i n-fcatar?* secht cumala 7 lethchumal

di leth secht cumal. Sé séuit for trichoit 24 sét, tri seuit for cdic*
sétaib.

44. Ochtmath caich* bicc 7 caich 7? mdir do muntir Adomnan di”
guin clérech 7 mac n-ennac®’. Math béoguin rogone nech banscal nd
cléirech nd mac n-ennac *, leth secht cumal hiad, cdic seit déac * for
fine no anfine *? dia comldithriu. Tri sedit caich 8? banbéime, cdic seiit
cach teilcthi fola, secht setiit cach inindrigh**, cumal cach inuithir 7
fiach lege cenmotha sin. Is for leithfiachu® gonz duine dotéitt, mad
mo sin*®, Madh béim co mbois no de durn, unga*’ argait ind. Math
glas no derg no att, sé scripuil for unga®® ind. Foltgabdl® ban, cdic
muilt ind. Math banaugra co s§artairbirt, tri muilt ind *°.

1 errithi 2, eirrithe 2. ? linne ZB. * ata J. 4 athi cachi gin 2. 5 atroible RZ.

—_—_—_——,
® fogabar B. T om. B. "in: 2. ® lanfiacha 2. ” cinntaib RZ. i math
cech cin dona foluth #, mad eccin domo a folath BZ. 12 6cétoir RF. 13 lam 2B.
1# manice chin asrenair 2, mani cetcin asrenar ZB. 15 Janfiacha BZ. 16 Adomnain B,
adnain 2. 17 forbac B, forcach R. 1 sic B; cith &. 19 ennaic BZ. 20 cidh BZ.
31 ima R. 2 sso 8B, ak: 23 inicar B. ** tricat B. % onit se: 3 cac BJ.
77 gac B. 28 do B. 29 n-endaic R. 8° ennac ZB. 31 sic B, dec R. 82 anfiniv Z.
38 cach B, # inuidrigh 2. ® letfiach 2B. 8° mad mo sin om, B. 7 ungai RP,

ungga &. * for unga om. R. ® foltgala R, foltgabail 2. © B. omits this sentence.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 29

be made to Adamnan for every woman that has been slain, whether a
man has a share in it, or cattle or a hound or fire or a ditch or a building,
—for everything that is made is liable in the Law, both ditch and
pit and bridge and fire-place and (door-)step and, pools and kilns,
and every other danger’, except the woman déehves it. But one-
third is left to be kept. If it is a witless person, the other two-
thirds shall die. The one-third is his who has the right to it.

42. Whatever violent death a woman dies, except it be (by) the
hand of God, or (in consequence of) rightful lawful cohabitation, it is
paid in full fines to Adamnan, both slaying and drowning and burning
and poison and breaking and perishing in a quagmire and death by
tame beasts and pigs and cattle. If, however, it is a first crime....?
or on the part*of the pigs or hounds, they shall be killed at once,
and half the ‘due jof a human hand for it; if it is not a first crime,
full due is paid.

43. There shall be no Sirona te balanetie of guilt in Adamnan’s
Law, but each one pays for his crimes for his own hand. Every trespass
which is committed in Adamnan’s Law, the communities of Adamnan
are entitled to a... * of it, apart from women, whether, it be innocents,
or clerics, or any one to whom they commit it, viz. a, cdmial forbaich
to the community of Hi where seven cuwmals are paid, and half a cumal
from seven half-cumals. Six séts on thirty séts, three séts on five séts.

44. One-eighth of everything small and great to the community of
Adamnan from the slaying of clerics or innocent children. If it be a-tife-
wound any one inflicts on a woman or a cleric or an innocent, seven half-

cumals are due from him, fifteen séts upon the nedrestandtremoter kindred | ¥. )

. as being accomplices. Three séts for every white blow‘, five sés for
every drawing of blood, seven séts for every wound requiring a tent,
a cumal for every confinement to bed, and payment of the physician
besides. If it be more than that, it goes upon half-dues for killing
a person. If it is a blow with the palm of the hand or with the fist,
an ounce of silver (is the fine) for it. If there be a green or red mark,
or a swelling, an ounce and six scruples for it. For seizing women
by the hair, five wethers. If there is a fight among women with
outrage (?), three wethers.

' Literally ‘ persecution.’ 3 a folath (or foluth) is obscure to me. 8 I do not know the

meaning of forbach (verb-noun of for-bongim), * j.e. a blow that neither draws blood nor
causes discolouring.

30 CAIN ADAMNAIN

45. It cobfiachaigh tra fir 7 mna hi cacha fiachaib’ beccaib 7 moraib
di sund co banugrai ingi etirbas. Ar is ed bds dlegair do banscail?
dia® marbad fir nd mna, no di thabairt neime dia n-abbalar, no di
loscad, nd di fochlaid* ecalse .i. cor in-ndi Gin'S}liaisti for murchreth®
hi fairrge do techt le® geth di thir’. Long menathcha® do breith lee.
La Dia brithimnacht furi isin’.

46. Mat? epthai dia n-apallar dabeva nech do alailiu, feich’ dune-
taiti’? ind. Dubchrecha 7 chndimchrdi foreccattar hi cethfajrardi, mani
rucz in cethfajrarta docom neich sainriud, datongat’* fo altbu anme

nandfetatar for neoch 7 atrenat fadesin. Ma berait ddig’* dochom.
neich co tiiarasndul, is éside’ bws fiachach. Mad etir dfis no lin.

bus lia beth in dochus?%, scribtar a n-anman?" i ndulne?*, dober(r}”
cach duilend?° inna ecrus im chrand 7 dobertar na crunna i cailech
for altdir. Inti fora tuit*! cran[n]|char, iss é is fiachach.

47. Mani eirre * bidbaid saraigetar *° cain, asren fine al-lanfiachu
iar méitt a chinad 7 doberr a ndilsi 7 a n-indarbu iarsin co cend rechtghi.
Leth™ secht cumal dia comlaithriu for cach deirbfine 7 anpfine iarsin.
Mad lesugud 7 ditiu 7 chomarlécad, is bas tar[a] Gissi, acht ani * etzrbi
fiachu etzrbi comlaidre.

48. Forta forws na cane: biat rechtaire Cana Adomnaz lind bis
di sderbiathad qa muintiri .i. cdicfer do aitire 7 biathad cach din
tob6é fiachu in{nja canz fo maith 8 caich etir flaith 7” eclais *° 7 tiaith.
Cumal fri toichniuth*! cach « intan dombongatar*® féich 7 cintaigh

1 mna 7 iccaca fiachazs B, mna hicacha fiachaib 2. 2 no add. BR. 5 diaa &.
* nod fochlaic 2. 5 murcrec B. FX has a marginal gloss on murchreth, of which J can only
make out the following i. isi... muir...ivai.., muir... form... gel. ® tecth lee R.
7 le geth aitir (sc) B. ® mionathaig 2. ® innsin B. 10 madh 2. 1 om. B.
1? duinetaiti 7, dunetathi 7’. 18 sic B, dathogat R. lt sic B, doaig 2. a ig
eiside B, is seside FR. 16 docus 2. 17 soribtar a n-anmann £4, annaman £&.
18 ndvillne 2, i ndulind #é (dul)ne 2. 19 dobeir ZB. % dvillend 2. 4 ttuit B
*2 mani eirsiv 8, maniterse X (t added later). % saraighter 2. 4 feine lanfiaca 2.
25 doberr—leth om. B. % amail B. 9 ste-Bs-7 Ri % miaith 2, the first i added

later, an leg. miad ? ° etir B. ® ecal B. 2 toitn B. 32 dombongathar BZ,

an 7

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 31

45. Men and women are equally liable for large and small dues
from this on to (any) fights of women, except outright death. For
a woman deserves death for killing a man or a woman, or for giving
poison whereof death ensues, or for burning, or for digging under
a church!, that is to say, she is to be put into a boat of one paddle
as a sea-waif (?) upon the ocean to go with the wind from land. A vessel
of meal and water to be given with her. Judgement upon her as
God deems fit.

46. If it be charms from which death ensues that any one give
to another, the fines of murder followed by concealment of the corpse
(are to be paid) for it. Secret plunderings and ....? which are traced (?) "““
to (one of) the four nearest lands, unless these four nearest lands can ~~
lay them on arfy one particularly, they swear by the .. .*of their
soul that they do not know to lay it upon any one and pay it them-
selves. If they suspect any one and prove it, it is he who shall be
liable. If the probability lie between two or a greater number, let
their names be written upon leaves; each leaf is afranged around
a lot, and the lots are put into a chalice upon the altar. He on
whom the lot falls is liable. Tyr :
47. If offenders who violate the Law do not pay, their kindred
pay full fines according to the greatness of his crime, and after that
(the offender) becomes forfeited, and is banished until the end of the
law. One-half of seven cumals for accompliceship upon every direct
and indirect_kindred afterwards. If there be assistance and shelter
and connivance, it is death for it ; but such as the fine (of the principals)
was such shall be that of the accomplices |

. Ke . Ke
48. A further enactment of the Law: thas: shall teed the ae Bochw.
ir

of Adamnan’s Law, whatever their number, with the dada food *

people, viz. five men/’&8 g rs, and the feeding of every one who
shall levy the dues of the Law shall be according to the h of every
one, both chieftain and hich and people. A cumal for leaving any one

of them fasting, while fines are being levied, and offenders-with regard
Vo to the yl parKir

1 viz. to look for treasure. 2

2 endim-chré? prrhupe 4vandve op. ewe toria ¢ blrvet 2
5 althu? An leg. apfthu ‘ perdition’?

* Or, perhaps, ‘the food of a freeman.’

p)

32 CAIN ADAMNAIN

M
biathtee! 7 folongat comnaidm fiach. mani biathat? side, Di chumail
doaib do cintachaib.

49. Iss i tra sderi cach® aitere dothét* frifMtobach (sic) na cana sxe
i. ni téit cin fine forru® céine® foldsat aidevi 7 beta tuinidig 7
nadmbat élathaig, acht a cin fadeisin’ nd cin clainde 7 a compert®
7 a n-amus?®.

50. Mad forc{hjor ingine, leth secht ccumal inn. Madh lamh fria
no ’na crios, deich n-unga ind. Mad lam fo étach dia meabluccudh,
tri uinge for secht cumalla] ind. Ma beztk ainim a cinn no a siil nd
i n-aghazd no i ccliiais nd i srdin nd i bfiacail nd i ttengazd 7 i
ccois no il-laimh, it secht cumala ind. Mad ainimh i curp olcena, as
leth secht cumal ind. Mad riacad étaicjh], secht n-unga for cumhaz/ ind.

51. Mad imdherccad dagmna im driis nd im séna a clainne, it secht
cumhala ind conici airgg désa anall. Let{h] secht cumal, mad ben
airech désa. O sin anund go sale it secht n-unga inn.

52. Mad airbert bansgd@/i n-orgain n6 cuire no feachta, secht cumhal[a]
cac{hja lama co morseiser 7 cin Oinfir 6 sin anon{[n|. - Mad rotoirrched
bansgal a ttaidhe cin cor, cin dilsi, cen ellam, cin ursnaidm, lanfiach
de. Nac({h| dilim fil fon lamt{hjorad méit loighet, fil fon roid’? 7
glaisine 7 sep. Mad riiam in bruit, dirim bruit de.

53. Teora aitzve cac iba, primegalsa fri Cain Adomnain .i. secnap
y) coic 7 fertiges 7 aitére cana 1’ deirbfine fo Eirinn uile 7 da eitiri
cana ardflat(hja 7 giallp gabhala dia dil, dia mbé tiarasndal
bansgal 77,

1 biata B. ? biat B. ® cacha R. * doteid 2. 5 fuirti B. * ceni B.
’ fadisin 2. ® compet B, comrirpt (szc) R. ® Here R. breaks off. 19 roig MS.
4 Then follows :—Asna duilleocaib doscrioph Cumumhan mac Tuatail i Clerég, dosccriobhad an
beccan so, a tigh na mbrathar ag Drobaois. 31. do marta. 1627.— End of fo. 82.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 33
Aavt nhhe

whe (muck) Jud pw) hae whe tena pint Sarl, Jr knw AN ,
te feeding } an they sustain a joint contract of debts‘ unless they l V0. We
feed_them._T'wo-ewmeals-to them-—from offenders) "4»~ auch bye mMeht Sptietr,

pire depts ttirrr J
49. This is the exemption of every guarantor who comes to levy this <a.
teibute, viz. the guilt of their family does not come upon them so ## “
long as they Supe ‘¥ Stiarantors and while they are in possession
and do not eseape; but their own guilt (comes upon them) or the
guilt of their offspring and of their children and of their retainers.

50. If it be rape of a maiden, seven half-cumals (is the fine) for it.
If a hand (is put) upon her or in her girdle, ten ounces for it. If
a hand (is put) under her dress to defile her, three ounces and seven
cumals for it. If there be a\ blemish of-her head or her eyeg or in
the face or in the ear or nose or tooth or tongue or foot or hand,
seven cumals are (to be paid) for it. If it be a blemish of any other
part of her body, seven half-cumals for it. If it be tearing of her
dress, seven ounces and one cumal for it.

51. If it be making a gentlewoman blush by imputing unchastity
to her or by denying her offspring, there are seven cumals (to be paid)
for it until it comes|to (the wife of) an aire désa. Seven half-cwmals
if it be the wife of an aire désa. From her onwards to a smwuért,
seven ourices.

4

52. If women be employed in an assault or in a host or fight,
seven cumals for every hand as far as seven, and beyond that it is to
be accounted as the crime of one man. If a woman has been got
with child by stealth, without contract, without full rights, without
dowry, without betrothal, a full fine for it. Whatever... whichis
4 ef hand-produce, great or small, whatéverof dye-stuff; or woad OF Speers
beans. If it be red dye of a cloak,4iof a cloak for it 2, We Ticket ne egue

¥

.53. Three guarantors for every chief church for the Law of Adamnan,
viz. the prior and the cook and the steward; and a guarantor of
the-Law—from fevery) paftnt-family throughout all Ireland; and two ©
guarantors ef the—Law from, high chieftains, and ‘hostages to~be held fy 4
for-its-payment, if there be the proof of women.
Plake ob from Kerr (10.8 make tyal, a0 Moline furrmin io Parmer facie, bicits

MW. Rack, p4y
1 Something seems omitted.

2 dilim and dirim (probably the same word) are obscure to me.

(1V. 12] F

NOTES

§ 1. Five ages, &c. This division of the age of the world before Christ into
five periods as against the six periods of Eusebius appears first in western
literature in the writings of Augustine (De Civitate Dei, xxii. 30), whence it
passed into those of Isidore, Bede, &c. See Zimmer, Nennius Vindicatus, p. 181.

Ib. Adamnan, son of Ronan, &c. Adamnan’s pedigree is thus versified in
a poem copied by Michael O’Clery ‘as se‘nleabhar dortha’ in the same Brussels
MS. fo. 83 b (see also LL. p. 369 marg. sup.) :

Adamnan rohalt in Hi mac réil R6ondin maic Tinni

maic Aoda maic Lugdach!? tra maic Sétna maic Fergusa ”.
A mathair madchin i cri Ronnat ingen Ségini,

Ségini in ordain ain dagmac Diiach maic Barrfinnain *.

2. 2cinn na cobla. I have taken codla to stand for comla ‘ door.’

3. her wooden pole. Perhaps better ‘her wooden spear.’ See my Contributions
to Irish Lexicography s. v. cess f.

4. nt gatar a forgall ar domun degmnd. Doman seems used here in the sense
of ‘all’ or ‘any,’ like dz¢h.

Ib. forsither, 3. sing. of the s-subjunctive passive of /o-rigim. See Strachan,
Sigmatic Future, pp. 6, 7.

Ib. 2s sructh mdin mathair, matth mdin madthair. Cf. Laws, v. 462, 1: sruith
Ser finntiu, sen fer findthiu.

6. Odba (Ovey), now obsolete. It was near Navan in East Meath. See the
Four Masters, p.544, and O’Dugan, Topographical Poems, p. 7, and p. iv, n. 17.

Ib. céa ts goriu? Instead of gor’u R has, wrongly, the superlative gorium.

Ib. conchaim = congbaim, the enclitic form of con-gabim, here used, perhaps,
to imply dependence of the clause on the preceding sentence.

Ib. nt fetur gotre, &c. Cf. dligid mathair mingaire, Zeitschrift, iv. p. 468, § 4.

Ib. drénaim for dorénaim, i.e. do-ro-gnim. Observe the potential function of
ro with the present indicative.

1 Lugada MS. 2 .i. do cenél Lugdach. 3 i, do cenél Enna.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 35

7. sbethe st for séithis si = s6is st (cf. sdithis, $8). /h merely serves to mark
off the two syllables from each other.

8. mo chitgh = mo chtch. Cf. the spelling daghazil for bachaill, §9; aghi for
acht, ib.

9. a-mmo chomdiu. As to the doubling of the m after the vocative particle a
see Stokes, Kuhn’s Zeitschrift, xxxviii. p. 469.

10. Smir-gat, ‘marrow-withe,” The name also occurs as that of one of Finn
mac Cumaill’s wives. See Cath Finnirdga, p. 74,1. Cf. Bir-gat, the name of
a ban-echlach of Finn’s, Eg. 1782, p. 22 b, 1.

Ib. co nd deochaid anim 7 comatreb a colla dith, Cf. LU. 33a, 14: céin robdélar
hi fus hi comaitreth a corp 7 a n-anmand.

11. mattht. I have never met this form and should have altered to mazth, but
that it occurs in both MSS.

Ib. né rubat in béo cen biad. Note the potential function of ro with the present
indicative, and cf. nf rubaz ani sin in nominatiuo, Sg. 209 a, 3-

Ib. dia n-acet. dia with subjunctive = ‘if.’ See Strachan, Subjunctive Mood in
Trish, pp. 38, 40, 44, 48.

12. soitht sz. Cf. the note on § 7.

Ib. Brugach, son of Deda (Dega? Daig?), not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. to be buried alive in the earth. In ancient Ireland burying alive seems to
have been practised either as a punishment or as a sacrifice to the dead. See the
story of fifty captives buried alive around the grave of Fiachra, the brother of
Eochaid Mugmeddéin (a.p. 358-366), LL. p. 190c, 13; BB. 264b, 25; YBL.
187 b, 30; Silva Gadelica, p. 543; Rev. Celt. xxiv. p. 184; and cf. Ir. Texte, iii.
p- 417.

Ib. commaid didiu is my conjecture for the corrupt commaidedh of R and
comaitiu of B. commatd=com-buith ‘a being together.’

Ib. a ddorn. The dd serves to indicate the non-aspiration of d after the
feminine a.

14. Carric in Chulinn, not identified.

15. “aargbata. This strange form which is in both MSS. I cannot explain.

One would expect /dargbad. Perhaps the archetypus had Margéath. Cf.
doratath, § 11.

16. Lotngsech Bregbén (i.e. fair-white), son of Oengus, king of Ireland from
696-703, when he was slain by Cellach, son of Ragallach, king of Connaught,
in the battle of Corann.

Ib. Ole ré ¢ ndigéniar stan fir for (=ar) mndib. The translation should

36 NOTES

perhaps be: ‘an evil time when a man’s sleep (i.e. death) will be caused for the
sake of women.’

Ib. deaf and dumb, because, according to §14, Adamnan’s ears were filled with
putrid matter and the root of his tongue had been eaten away.

17. Doelgus, son of Oengus, king of Munster. Nothing further seems known
of him. According to § 18 he had his seat at a place called Lettir.

Ib. Elodach, king of the Detst, who had his seat at Femen (§ 18).

Ib. Cacherca, king of Ossory, died in 713. He became one of the signatories
to the Cain. |

Ib. Cellach the Red, king of Leinster. Ue had his seat at Carman (§ 18).

Ib. Irgalach ta Conaing, king of Bregia. He is called king of Ciannachta in
the list of guarantors. Cf. Gwynn, Dzndsenchas, i. 20.

Ib. Brugach, son of Deda, has been mentioned above (§ 12).

Ib. Fingin Eoganach. Nothing seems known about him.

18. ar éen-lus, ‘intentionally, on purpose,’ as in Laws, i. 58, 14 (ced ar benlus
dognether). Cf. ba for a taratr d’aon-loss dodheochadar ‘it was solely to look for
him they had come,’ Betha Aodha Ruaidh, p. 10, 17. 4 alao ACL J og. |

Ib. Femen na nDéisi, a plain in the present baronies of Iffa and Offa, co.
Tipperary.

Ib. The last half-line of the poem has two syllables too many.

19. oc ogbdil, probably leg. oc congbdil, ‘keeping,’ with B. Cf. ofc] cosnam in
S25;

Ib. Zhe palm of gentlemen from them, i.e. the flower or choice of gentlemen shall
spring from them. Compare a similar passage in the Book of Fenagh, p. 142.

Ib. meth ocus milled. Cf. is meth 7 milliud dond fir, ZCP. iii. 3, 3.

20. nd rup comlann a bliadain. One would expect comldn, and I have so
translated. But comlann gives assonance with Domnall.
Ib. cudach may stand for cuthach ‘madness.’

21. for Breg firthrebach. Notice the dative singular Breg. The plural Brega
is generally used. See my contributions s.v. Brega.
Ib. costrasta=cosa trath sa.

22. The two Patricks, i.e. St. Patrick and Sen-Phatraic (Old Patrick), the
Patraic aile of Fiacc’s hymn, mentioned in the list of coarbs of Armagh as the
second successor of St. Patrick in that see (!). His day is the 24th August ; see the
Félire of Oengus, who calls him céim-aite ar srotha ‘the lovable tutor of our
elder.’ According to the Annals of Ulster he died either in 457 or 461.

Ib. The two Ciarans, i.e. Ciaran of Saigir (Seirkieran) and Ciaran of Clon-
macnois (ob. A. D. 549).

THE LAW: OF ADAMNAN 37

Ib. Zhe two Cronans, probably Cronan bishop of Inishmahee (ob. 643) and
Cronan of Moville (ob. 650). They are among the addressees of the letter of
Pope John IV. See Bede, ii. c. 19.

Ib. Zhe four Fintans. There are so many saints of this name that I cannot
say which are here referred to.

Ib. Mobiu, or Bite, abbot of Inis Cumscraig (July 22).

Ib. Aodé, with the nickname C/érenech (Flat-faced), abbot of Glasnevin, ob.
A.D. 545.

Ib. Momaedéc, probably the bishop of Fid-diin in Ossory of that name
(Martyrology of Donegal, May 18).

Ib. MZunnu, bishop, and abbot of Cluain Eidnech in Laigis (Leix). Also
called Fintain (Mart. Don., Oct. 21).

Ib. Scothine, or Scuithin, of Tech-Scuithin in Slfab Mairge in Leinster (Mart.
Don., Jan. 2).

Ib. Sendn. ‘There are numerous saints of this name.

Ib. Fechine, founder and abbot of Fobar (Fore), died about 665 (Mart. Don.,
Jan. 20).

Ib. Dézlech, of Clochar (Mart. Don., Nov. 17).

Ib. Cairnech, probably Cairnech of Tulen (Mart. Don., May 16).

Ib. Czanan, probably the bishop of Damliacc (Duleek), ob. a. p. 489 (Nov. 24).

Ib. Carthach, a foster-son of Ciaran of Saigir, founder of Cell Charthaig in
Tirconell (March 5).

Ib. Bishop Curitan, abbot of Ross Meinn (March 16).

Ib. onan mac Samdin, evidently the same as Johain mac Samuél mentioned in
the list of guarantors.

Ib. Foelan, abbot of Imlech Ibair. The abbot of Emly mentioned in the list is
called Diblaine Elnai, while there is a Faelan of Clonfert-Brenann. Probably
a scribe has blundered in § 22.

Ib. Cilline, abbot of Lorrha. In the list Cilline is called abbot of Birr, while
the abbot of Lorrha there mentioned is named Colman. This is correct; for
Colman mac Sechnasaig, abbot of Lorrha, is mentioned in the Annals of Ulster
as having died a.p. 710.

Ib. Eochaid, abbot of Cluain Uama, now Cloyne, co. Cork, is also mentioned in
the list.

Ib. Zhe two Finnens, probably Finnen of Clonard (ob. 549) and Finnen of
Moville (ob. a. D. 579).

Ib. Zhe son of Labraid Lén, not known to me.

23. ‘rom 7 nenaid 7 tradne. Cf. the following triad: “rf comartha lathraig

38 NOTES

mallachtain .t. tromm 7 nennt6c 7 tradnai ‘ three signs of an accurst site, viz. elder
and nettle and corncrakes, Book of Hy Maine, fo. ror a, r= YBL. 416b, 33
=BB. 65 b, 47=H. 2. 17, fo.184d. As to the connexion between the corncrake
and nettles compare the following Munster proverb: ‘ gach aon neach mar oitltear 6,
arsan tradhnach ag dul’sa neantéig, Gael. Journ, vii. p. 88 b.

Ib. however often his reliquaries would come. This refers to the practice of
carrying about the relics of a saint for the purpose of exacting the céz or tribute
due to him.

Ib. co cumunc cecha mnd chena. Cf. dobér-sa mo chumang duit ‘TI will give
thee all I can’ (sic leg.), Rev. Celt. xxiii. p. 398, § 3.

24. a white tunic with a black border. From a passage in the Vision of
Mac Conglinne (p. 96, |. 8) we learn that the black border had a prophylactic
purpose. The woman who is to wait upon Mac Conglinne must wear ‘a cloak
with a black edge between its two peaks, that sorrow may not come upon her,’

25. teora ban. ‘This use of the gen. instead of the nom. I cannot explain.

Ib. cech dine didine, literally, ‘every last fast’ (i.e. of the week), as céf-ain
‘Wednesday,’ means ‘first fast.’ The nominative of dédine (gen. f.) is diden or
deden. Cf. din diden LB. 9 b, 47, 10b, 3, and the following compounds: deden-ri
na nAsarda ‘the last king of the Assyrians,’ LL. 144, 22; ctarb focus a dedendél
‘though his last tryst (i.e. death) was near,’ Salt. na Rann, l. 73743; 4an dodnic
a ndedenbhaidh, FM. a.v. 845, where dedenbhatdh rimes with Fedlimzd. Thurneysen
has shown (Zeitschr. fiir deutsche Wortforschung, i. p. 190) how the Old-Irish da
dine didine was in Middle-Irish gradually replaced by dia hdine and lastly dine, the
reason being that Wednesday ceased to be observed as a day of fasting.

Ib. a mbreith. R reads a pretth, where the p is intended to mark the non-
aspiration of 4 after the feminine possessive.

26. doadas tadas. Cf. badas (leg. doadas ?) tadas, Rev. Celt., p. 414, § 28, and
Jor aig thaig, Salt. na Rann, |. 3241.

27. for mndib. As to this use of the dative (originally the instrumental) in
apposition and its later change into a prepositional expression (7 far nUitaib,
LL. 112 b, 47) see Pedersen, Zeitschrift, ii. p. 379.

28. for ferath Hérenn ocus Alban. ‘That Alba here means Britain, not Scotland,
is shown by the corresponding passage in the Latin text of § 33: ‘te oportet legem
in Hibernia Britaniaque perficere.’ For this meaning of Alba during the Old-Irish
period see my Contributions s.v., and consider the following lines from an old
poem quoted somewhere by Mac Firbis:

SJairenn Alban co muir nIcht
Géidil, Cruithnig, Saxain, Britt.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 39

Ib. Fland Febla, bishop of Armagh, ob. a.D. 715.

Ib. Diblaéine Elnat, abbot of Emly, perhaps the Dfbléni mentioned in the
Martyrology of Donegal, Jan. 14.

Ib. Cennfaelad, abbot of Bangor, ob. a. D. 705.

Ib. Fazlbe Becc, abbot of Clonmacnois, ob. A.D. 713.

Ib. Conodar, abbot of Lismore. 1 believe that Lismore is a mistake for Fore
(Ir. Fobar). A Conodar, abbot of Fore, died in 707 (av.), while Colman son of
Findbarr, mentioned below, was abbot of Lismore at the time.

Ib. Cilline son of Lutbnean, abbot of Birr, see Mart. Don., April 14.

Ib. Colman son of Sechnasach, abbot of Lorrha, ob. A.D. 710.

Ib. Lochatd, abbot of Cloyne, co. Cork. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. FKoranddan, abbot of Kildare, ob. a.v. 698.

Ib. Suadbar, abbot of Inis Deimle (or Daimle), now ‘ Little Island’ in the Suir
near Waterford. A bishop Soadbar is mentioned in the Martyrology of Donegal,
p- 181 (July 26).

Ib. Dibléne, abbot of Tir-da-glass. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Mochonnut, abbot of Derry, mentioned in the Martyrology of Donegal
under May 15, as one of the guarantors of Adamnan’s Law. He is called Da
Chonda Daire by Tigernach. He died in 706.

Ib. Orsine son of Glas, abbot of Clonfertmulloe. This is evidently Osséni filius
Galluist ab Clana maic Néis, whose death Tigernach records under the year 706.

Ib. Manchine, abbot of Letthglenn, now Leighlin, ob. A. pv. 726.

Ib. Moacru, perhaps identical with Moacru mac Sendin mentioned in the Book
of Leinster, p. 350a. See also the Mart. Don., Jan. 8.

Ib. Mobebc of Ard. This is evidently Mophiéce 6 Ard Camrots for brit Locha
Carman (Garman, Fél.) 7 nUibh Cetnnsealaigh of the Mart. Don., Dec. 16 = Fél.
p. clxxxii.

Ib. Murchu, abbot of Balla (in the barony of Clanmorris, co. Mayo), probably
the immediate successor of Cronan Balnae, who died in 692 (Fm.).

Ib. Moling Liachra, ob. a.v. 696.

Ib. Mend Maitche, abbot of Ferns. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Colcu son of Moenach, abbot of Lusk, ob. a. D. 702.

Ib. Bishop Celt, evidently Coeddi, bishop of Iona, who died a.p. 712 (av.).
See the Mart. Don. p. 282.

Ib. Bishop Curetan, abbot of Ross Meinn or Ross Maic Bairned (Gorman and
Mart. Don., March 16). Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Bishop Conamail son of Conan (or Cano, av.), ob, A.D. 705.

Ib. Colmdn grandson of Orc, abbot of Clonard, ob. a.D. 701.

40 NOTES

Ib. Aed, bishop of Sietty, called ‘anchorita’ in the Annals of Ulster, ob. A. p.
700. He is the Aidus Slettiensis episcopus mentioned in Tirechan’s notes.

Ib. Colman son of Findbarr, abbot of Lismore, ob. A.D. 703.

Ib. Cardide of Ross Mér (in the barony of Leitrim, co. Galway). Not
mentioned in the Annals or Martyrologies.

Ib. Zogialloc grandson of Luan, the Wise. Not mentioned in the Annals or
Martyrologies.

Ib. Bishop Ichibricht. This is the well-known Anglian ecclesiastic Egcberct,
who brought the monks of Iona to paschal conformity (see Bede, ii. c. 11). He
died in 729.

Ib. Of Feradach grandson of Arthur, Faelché son of Méelrubai, Faelan
of Clonfert-Brenann, Dibchéne son of Fili, and Mosacra nothing is known
either from the Annals or Martyrologies.

Ib. Méelcoisnt son of Conall. Though I have preferred the reading of B
(mac Conaill) to that of R (mac dail), I now see from a list of saints in the Book
of Leinster, p. 368 f, that the latter is correct. There I find Maelcotsne mac dall,
i.e. ‘M. the Blind Boy. Nothing is known about him from the Annals or
Martyrologies.

Ib. Murch maccut Machthéine. This is the well-known writer of a porhes
of St. Patrick’s memoirs in the Book of Armagh.

Ib. Bishop Méeldub, Ioain (i.e. Johannes) of the Wisdom, son of the Smith,
and Joain son of Samuel are not mentioned elsewhere.

Ib. Fdelin grandson of Silne, ob. A.D. 711.

Ib. Lozngsech son of Oengus, king of Ireland. See the note on § 16.

Ib. Congalach son of Fergus, king of Tirconnell. Not mentioned in the
Annals.

Ib. Eland Find son of Maeltuile, king of Tyrone. He died in 700.

Ib. Conchobur son of Méeldtiin, king of Cinel-Coirpré (a sept in the barony
of Granard, co. Longford). He was slain in 706.

Ib. Eterscél son of Méeluma, king of Munster. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Cédinaise son of Cellach, king of East Munster, Not mentioned in the
Annals, unless this was the Ctidfnaisc slain in 709 in the battle of Mag Elni (av.).

Ib. Ca&cherca, king of Ossory, died in 713.

Ib. Congal son of Suibne, king of the Déisi (of Bregia). He is called Conall
in the Annals of Ulster, a.p. 701, in which year he was killed.

Ib. Hogandén son of Crundmdl, king of the Ui Fidgentt (a sept in the barony
of Coshma, co. Limerick). He was probably the immediate predecessor of
Conall son of Donennach, king of the Ui Fidgenti, who died in 701.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 41

Ib. Andelatth, king of the northern Dést, Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Llodach son of Diinlang, king of Desmond. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Azhill son of Cé-cen-mdthair, king of Mag Féne. He is called ‘rex
Muman’ in the Annals of Ulster. Died in 7or.

Ib. Fiacha Cosalach (i.e. the swift-footed), king of the Picts, i.e. the Irish Picts
of Dalaraide. He is mentioned in the list of Dalaraidian kings in the Book of
Leinster (p. 41) as /vachra Cossalach.

Ib. Béce Boirchi (of Boirche), king of Ulster, died in 718.

Ib. WViall son of Cernach (Sotal, i. e. the Proud), king of Bregmag, slain in 7or1.

Ib. Cellach son of Gerthide, king of Diabal-Laigen. This is the king of Leinster
called Cellach Derg in §§ 18 and 19. He is called Cellach mac Gerthid in the list
of Leinster kings in the Book of Leinster (p. 39 b), Cellach Ciéalann rex Lagen in
the Annals of Ulster (a. p. 714), Cellach Chalann mac Gerrthide ri Laigen by the
Four Masters (a.D. 713). He died in 715.

Ib. Conddlach son of Conaing, king of Corco Dubne (now the barony of
Corkaguiney, co. Kerry). The death of a person of that name is mentioned
in the Annals of Ulster a.p. 717, but he is called king of the Ui Cremthainn,
a sept in the barony of Slane, co. Meath.

Ib. Corpri son of Cticholuimb, king of the Ui Cennselaig (in South Leinster)
was slain in 7o9. The Annals of Ulster a. p. 708 call him, wrongly, Cicholuinn,
while a. p. 683 the name is rightly given.

Ib. Congal grandson of Mrachaide. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Conall son of Dotnennach, king of the Ui Fidgentt, died in 701.

Ib. Cellach son of Ragailach, king of Connaught. He is called ‘Cellach
Locha Cime’ in the Annals of Ulster a.p. 703. He died in 705 ‘ post clericatum.’
Cf. LL. p. 41a: [Cel]llach mac Rogellaig .uii. [annos]. in clericatu obiit.

Ib. Diithach son of Fidchellach, king of the Ui Maine (a sept in Galway and
Roscommon). He was burnt to death in 712 (av.).

Ib. Dinchad, king of the Ui Amalgaid (now the barony of Tirawley, co.
Mayo), and of the Ui Fiachrach Murise (a sept in the barony of Murrisk,
co. Mayo). Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Muirges son of Méeldtin. He was king of the Cenél-Coirpri (a sept
in the barony of Granard, co. Longford), and died in 698.

Ib. Macnia, king of Ard of the Ui Echach (a district in the baronies of Upper
and Lower Iveagh, co. Down), died in 702.

Ib. Murchad of Meath. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Colman son of Rechiabra, king of Ferns (co. Wexford). Not mentioned in
the Annals.

[IV. 12] G

42 NOTES

Ib. Maelfothartaig son of Méeldub. He was king of the Airgialla, and died
in 697.

Ib. Dub-diberc, probably the son of Dungal, who fell in the battle of Corann
in 703. See Tig. a.p. 702. Three Fragments, p. 106.

Ib. Mane son of Niall son of Cernach Sotal, slain in battle a.p. 712.

Ib. Maelcdich son of Noindenach. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Erthutle grandson of Crundmdl. He was expelled from the kingship
of the Cinel-Eogain and went to Britain in 700 (av.).

Ib. Aed of Odba, killed in yor (av.).

Ib. Echuid son of Dinchad, king of the Déisi. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Aed son of Dlitthach, king of the Fir Cul (now the barony of Kells, co.
Meath), fell in the battle of Kells, a.p. 718.

Ib. Flatthnia son of Fergal. Not mentioned in the Annals.

Ib. Frannamail grandson of Dinchad. He was king of the Irish Dalriata,
and died a.p. 700.

Ib. Feradach grandson of Ciarén. ‘This was perhaps the son of Maeldutin,
king of Cinel Laegairi (a sept seated around Trim, co. Meath), who was slain
in 704 (AU.).

Ib. Fedhimid grandson of Fergus. He is called son of Fergus son of Aedan
in au. Died in 7or.

Ib. Fallomain, king of the Ui Tuirtri, a sept in co. Antrim. Not mentioned
in the Annals, nor in the Genelach rig hita Turir?, LL. p. 338 d.

Ib. Fergus Forchraid, slain in the battle of Corann in 703.

Ib. Fogartach', This is probably the son of Niall and grandson of Cernach
Sotal, who later became king of Ireland, and was slain in the battle of Cenn-
Delgden in 724.

Ib. Garban, king of Meath. He died in 7o2.

Ib. Lochu Lemna, king of the Ut Cremthainn (a sept in the barony of Slane,
co. Meath). He fell in the battle of Corann in 703 (Three Fragments, p. 107).

Ib. ELochu grandson of Domnall, king of the | ]. I cannot supply the gap.
‘Echu nepos Domnaill iugulatus est,’ av. 697.

Ib. Conall Grant, king of southern Bregia, slain in 718.

Ib. Yéathal grandson of Dinchad, king of the Ui Chonaill Gabra. ‘This was
perhaps the king of that sept slain in the battle of Corann in 703. See av. i.
pape, BX: .

Ib. Zorcthech son of Cennfielad, king of Luigni (now the barony of Leyny,

1 In the text the name -Fogartach has by an oversight not been separated from that of
Fergus Forchraid.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 43

co. Sligo). In the Annals of Ulster and in the Genelach Lugni Connacht (LL.
pp. 338h), he is called Taiclech or Taichlech*. He died in 734.

Ib. Bodbchath, king of Luigni (now the barony of Lune, co. Meath). He
is called Bodbchad Mide in the Annals of Ulster, Bodbchar mac Diarmata
Ruanaid in Three Fragments, p. 110. He was slain in the battle of Cloenad
A.D. 704.

Ib. Jrgalach grandson of Conaing, king of Ciannacht. He was slain by Britons
in Inis mac Nessan, A.D. 702 (AU.).

Ib. Bruzde son of Derile, king of the Pictfolk, i.e. of the Scottish Picts. He
died a.p. 706.

29. focuitchetar, 3. plur. perf. of do-fongim, with inserted perfective particle
-com-. Cf, datongal, § 46; ducuitig, Wb. 33d, 10.

Ib. né gata. This emendation of nZ catta (cata) of the MSS. is due to Professor
Strachan. .

30. arim induchude; 31, arimm garit a sdegul. Cf. Whb.25a, 9: arim fairis-
mech, ‘that it may be stable.’

31. nd-da-sia, na-da-comalnathar, nd-timarr, 3. sing. subj. of saigim, comalnur,
do-immure.

Ib. cen athgabdil nime nd talman tadib. Cf. LL. 354¢e: nd ricfa a anim nem 7
nd& biad a athgabdil ¢ talmain.

32. Up to twenty days. Nineteen psalms only are enumerated. As we see
from the versified arrangement in Azbernica Minora, p. 45, ‘Deus ultionum’ 7
Anion should be inserted after Send.

Ib. Old Paul, i.e. Paul the Hermit.

33. tactalur in peregrinationem trans mare sub regula regiminis durt. Cf. § 45.
On the punishment of sending adrift on the sea, see Stokes, Trip. Life, p. clxxiv.
Among the unpublished legal tracts in H. 3. 18. I find the following (p. 227):
Mad mac scrine .i. mac so dorinne[d] ri coibdelazg ina richt budein 7 is ed dlegazr
a cur i scrin lethair ar muir in eret bus léir gelsciath ar muir, z.¢. ‘If it be a
“ mac scrine,” that is, a boy who has been begotten upon a kinswoman in her own
guise (i.e. without mistaking her for another) he shall be put in a leathern box
upon the sea as far as a white shield is visible.’ And again (ib.): Mad fer a
cliab den{s]luaisti [.i.] duine seo curthzr a cliab aen{$]luaiste amach for muir
ina cintaib anfoit no inndethberi torbazd in airet is léir geilsciath for muir,
16n menaidh[ch]e aenaidche lais 7 genn orda tri ndorvd ina l4im ac dingbdil
aithide in mara de, ze. ‘If it be a man in a wicker-boat of one paddle, that is,

1 For the same confusion of the names Toicthech and Taichlech, see AU., A. D. 808.

44 NOTES

a man who is put in a wicker-boat of one paddle out upon the sea for his

crimes of inadvertence or unnecessary profit (?), as far as a white shield is visible

upon the sea, store of meal and water for one night with him, and a wedge of

a sledge-hammer (?) of three fists (i.e. three fists long) in his hand for keeping off
veihins the beasts of the sea.’ Cf. also Laws, i. 14, 10; ib., 204, 22.

34. znbuitht. Cf. O’Mulconry’s Glossary, 311: dbell .¢. né inbuithd tn bello (sic
leg.). Ib., 300: .2. i durthe in bello. Here the word is taken as consisting of the
prefix zz and duzthz, the participle of necessity of dé, ‘I am.’

35. ar-td-accat, nach-td-anaig, 3. pers. sing. pres. ind. of ar-accim, ‘I look on,’
and angim, ‘I save,’ with infixed neuter pronoun -zd. Cf. Laws, iv. 362, 24: cach
duine aridsisither 7 nachidnanaig cach nirt cach folad (sic leg.).

Ib. arra cuir, perhaps ‘ payment of a security.’ Cf. Laws, v. 454,15: arra cuir
6 mndt etstnnric. .

36. a foltmaisst. Here a stands for 2. Cf. trian dtre ina tairdbe, Laws, iv.
168, 25. The exact meaning of fol//mazse is not known to me. Atkinson, Laws
Gloss. s.v., conjectures ‘ tonsure.’

Ib. fe/hialte seems miswritten for fethalde, a derivative from /ethal, ‘emblem.’
See Wi. s.v., and compare the following note in Rawlinson B. 512, fol. 44b: Ciic
primfethail cecha ecalsa rohordaiged la rig Muman .i. Finnguine 7 la Cathal
co maithib Muman umpa .i. bachall 7 menistir 7 cros 7 cloc 7 catur .i. soiscéla.
‘Five chief emblems of every church were ordered by the king of Munster, even
Finguine, and by Cathal, with the nobles of Munster around them, viz. staff and
service-set and cross and bell and a book of the gospels.’

37. dongoat, 3. pers. plur. of the pres. ind. do-gotm, ‘I choose,’ with infixed
relative -7-.

38. gell a ochtaib. I take ochtazb to be the dat. plur. of wch/, but my rendering
of a ochiaib by ‘at once’ is a mere conjecture.

39. as metse cacha saigtheche. This is very obscure. metse might be the
participle or part. of necessity of mzdiur, ‘I judge.’ sazgtheche seems a fem. abstract
from saigthech, ‘ suable.’

41. na banscél. Notice the O. Ir. neuter form of nach with danscdl, while in
§ 45 and elsewhere the feminine dative danscdzl is used.

Ib. ecrrithi, participium necessitatis of as-renim.

Ib. cém, literally ‘step,’ here perhaps rather means ‘a stile,’ like W. cam/a.

42. Mdd cétchin, &c. Both MSS. are corrupt here. Though I can make
nothing of a folath ( foluth), I regard mdd céichin as a certain emendation, in view
of man? cétchin \ater on.

THE LAW OF ADAMNAN 45

43. na foachta fofechar. foachia (apparently a neuter) seems a byform i
Stachtain f. ‘injury, damage’ (see the Laws Gloss. s.v., and Zeitschr., iii. 3, 1
dorénsaid fuachtain frim).

44. innindrig, ‘a person whose wound requires a tent.’ See Laws Gloss.
s. v. ¢ndindrach (a vox nihili),

Ib. zs for lethftachu gonae duine dotéit. Cf. dotéit for, ‘touches upon,’ Wb.
2a, 3; Sg. 108a, 3. “#t/or a naidm, Laws, iv. 306, 20. dotétt attire ar fer feras
in fuil, ib,, 302, I. ~

Ib. co sér-tairbirt. Were the meaning of /airdert, the verb-noun of do-azr-
berim, is not clear to me. It sometimes means ‘vigour,’ as in Dinds., 109: nach
lairbert dobered fuirrt, But as it also means ‘ parturition, birth’ (e. g. Zeitschr., iii.
233), perhaps séréazrdert refers to miscarriage brought about by violenté.

45- for murchreth should probably be altered into for murchreich. Cf. regatt
ind Gic diar n-inchatb-ne murcreich, YBL. p. 129 b.

Ib. long menathcha. The word menathach or menadach is derived from mzn,
‘flour,’ and denoted a mixture of meal and butter. According to a text published
in Archiv, ii. p. 136, such a mixture was permitted in penance as a substitute for
water. The word was borrowed by the Norse as minnbak,n. Cf. Islendiga sigur
I, 34°: pa t6ku preelanir frsku pat r48 at knoSa saman mjél ok smjér ok kélludu
pat uiporstlatt; peir nefndu pat minnpak.

46. dune-téite, better dune-tdide, literally ‘man-stealth,’ i.e. murder with
subsequent concealment of the body. Cf. the Laws Glossary and De Arreis,
§ 5 (Rev. Celt., xv. p. 493), where I have wrongly rendered the word.

Ib. foreccatar, 3. plur. pres. ind. pass. of fo-riccim, ‘I find,’ not for-ccim, as
Professor Atkinson has in the Glossary to the Laws.

47. mant eirre, 3. sing. subj. of as-renim.

Ib. derdfine, i.e. the grandfather, the paternal uncle, the nephew and the first
cousin of a person. See D’Arbois de Jubainville, Hinde sur le Droit Celtique,
i, p. 186.

48. déat, contracted from déathat. Cf. mant béathat in the next sentence where
B has man# dia.

Ib. ind bts. I conjecture Jin mbis, lit. ‘the number which it is,’ i.e. ‘ what-
ever number they are.’

Ib. 40b6, 3. sing. fut. of do-bonmgim. See Strachan, Sigmatic Future, p. 8.
With the whole paragraph compare Azs/. Mate Conglinne, p. 45, 24: rig do
aithne na ffach, briugaid do imfulang do chaithem bfd 7 lenna 7 lessaigthe l¢o
céin bed ic tobach m’ ffach.

46 NOTES

Ib. fo maith cdich, leg. fo miad cdich, ‘according to the rank of every one.”

49. frimiobach, perhaps leg. fri tobach.

Ib. suznidech, a derivative from unde, the verb-noun of do-nethim, as atr-natde
is the verb-noun of ar-nethim. Tunide seems to mean ‘the act of taking or being
in possession, settled, stationary, or in a certain position.’ See the Glossary
to the Laws s.v., and cf. the following passages:—Ir. T. iii. 200, 25: conid leis
féin tuinithi in chlaidib 7 a tharrachtu (sic leg.). YBL. 106b, 19: sfnset im
tuinithi tend | indse airegda Héirend. LL. 345d: dligid tairec tunide. LL. 2gob,
8: béi issin tunide sin. LU. 71 b, 6: conaccassa iarom isin tunidi sin (‘in that
position’). LL. 189b: Tunide Tige Burig (the title of a story). TTr. 973: do
thiiathaib tunide Troianna. MR. 150, 3: tuirthi tenna troma tréna tuinide turcbdala
tamnaigthi.

Ib. a compert, perhaps leg. a compirt (gen. sing.).

50. mad lim fo étach dia meblugud, Cf. O’Dav., p. 104 s.v. mem: a meblugud
i, ueste eleuata (sic leg.)

51. aire désa, ‘a chief of land,’ the first rank in the flazth-grade. désa is the
gen. of dés, f. ‘land,’ of which I have the following examples: dub-dés ts dub-
tuinne, LL. 147 a, 50; dat. fon dets, SR. 7856. |

Ib. muiri, gen. mutrech, dat. acc. murrig, ‘a lord.’

Aed Buide i mbruigin cia be
muiri hia mfadach Maine. MHarl. 5280, 49 b.
nom. pl. atat in muirig fo traig
do ruirig nimi néebnaéir. SR. 3925.
See also the Laws Gloss. s. v.

52. ellam, ‘dowry.’ Cf. ellam rogdid ben Géide | for a céile roctala, H. 3, 18,
p. §33- Corm. Tr., p. 67, and O’CI. s. v.

GLOSSARY

a n-, the neuter article, a forus sa, 28.

ad-balim, J die; pass. pres. sing. dia
n-abbalar, 45; dia n-apallar, 46.

ad-oprim, / offer up; pret. plur. 3, atro-
partatar, 29.

fin diden, f. Friday; gen. cech dine
didine, 25.

airbe, n. a fénce; gen. ctaille airbed, 3.

airbert, use, employment, 49.

airbuid, f. dane, 2.

airchinnech, m. a chief, 2.

airlech, slaughter; erlech, 6; gen. air-
lig, 3; dat. do oirliuch, 16.

airmitnech féith, honoured, 30.

aithech tige, m. a house-master, 2, 26.

altbu (?), 46.

annac=ennac, izvnocent; nom. pl. m.
maic annaic, 40.

apad, /egal notice, stay, 39.

ar-accim, J look on; aridaccai, 35.

arathaé, awazts, 21.

drbach. See dr-mag.

arimm, w/ sz/ et, 30, 31.

armach, armed; voc. m. a mic armaig |!
18.

ar-mag, n. @ dattle-field, slaughter, 7;
dat. i n-Armaig, 9.

as-ibim, J drain; co na hesba (hesboi,
hesbe), 18.

ath-chumba, a wounding, 42.

ath-gabal, f. a//ainment, 31.

athre, pafernal kinsfolk, 12.
atteoch, J deseech, 21; verb-n. attach,

32.

bel (?), 6.

ban-augra, a fight among women, 44;
co banugrai, 45.
ban-chro, female stock, 29.

blai-nemed, a sanctuary; dat. pl. dia

blaineimthib, 36.
béide, f. kzndness, 9.
bort. See port.

céin-bésena, n. good behaviour; dat. i
cdinbéscnu, 36.

cath-réi, a bastle-field, 3.

cechrad, perishing in a quagmire, 42.

eéimm, n. stepping-stones, a stile, 41.

cenélach, n. @ race, 21.

certén, a humming tune, 6.

cessacht, f. scarcity, niggardliness, 27.

cét-munter, f. a wife, 34.

claidbed, a puiting to the sword, 9, 14.

clérchecht, f. clerkship, priesthood, 8.

clérchocén, m. double diminutive of
clérech, ‘a cleric,’ 8.

eluicin, a /ittle bell, 17, 18, 20, 21.

endim-chréi (?), 46.

cobfiachach, egually liable, 45.

cobla, f.=comla, a door; gen. hi cinn
na cobla, 2.

48 GLOSSARY

céicthe, a period of five days, 38. Laws.

com-ainm, a namesake, 25.

com-ard cinad, a balancing of guilt, 43.

com-bach, a breaking, 42.

concbaim=con-gabaim, J place, 6.

corran, a hook, 3.

costrasta, until now, 21.

cotach (verb-noun of con-tongim), @
covenant, 12.

criol, a daskel, 2 (clior B).

cudach=cuthach, madness, 20.

cumalach, female slaves, 2.

cumalacht, f. female bondage, 6.

dechmad, a period of ten days, 38. Laws.

dechrad, hardship; gen. mér dechroid,
eS

dere, a hole, 2.

derechtach, forsaken, 21.

dés, f. Jand; gen. aire désa, 51.

deseda, dregs ; dat. co ndescdu, 18.

di-arim, :nnumerable, an indefinite num
ber, 35.

dibdathach, childless, 21.

di-grad, dishonour, 31.

dilim (?), 52.

dirim (?), 52.

disca, f. dryness, 8.

do-adas, tadas, 26.

do-aith-béogim, J revive; duis in taith-
bedigfed, 8; rotathbéoged, 10.

do-bongim, J vy (dues); fut. sg. 3,
tob6, 48; pass. pres. ind. pl. intan
dombongatar, 48.

déchus, m. probability, 46.

do-goim, J choose; do-n-goat, 37.

ddig, Likelihood, probability, 46.

do-immareaim (for), J levy (upon); na
timmarr, 31; verb-n, timmarcain, 30.

dorat, gave; doratad, 11; co tarut, 8;
co tartur, 8; co tarta, 22, 26,

do-tongim, / swear; datongat, 46; to-
cuitchetar, 29.

droch-féichem, m. a bad debtor; dat.
féichemain, 26.

dub-chrech, f. a secret raid, 46.

dulne, a single leaf, 46.

dune-taide, f. murder followed by con-
cealment of the corpse, 46. See taide.

ecrus, arrangement, 40.

ellam, dowry, 52.

ennae, zznocent, 35; nom. pl, m. ennaic,
43; acc. pl. m. encu, 34.

erlech. See airlech.

es-clu, 2//-/ame, 18.

es-cond, m. a@ witless person, 41.

escuine, excommunication, maledictton,
22.

etar-biu (with acc.), ‘intersum; etarbi,
47:

étged, neglect, 35.

etir-bas, n. outright death, 45.

fechtas, once, 6.

féile, f. shame, pudenda; dar a féili, 2.

ferad, a wetting, wet, 6.

fer-glac, f. a man’s hand (a measure), 2.

fethtaltae, 36. See note.

fid-cheis, f. a wooden pole or spear, 3.

foachta (a derivative of fo-fichim), az
injury, trespass, 43. :

fochlach, a hiding-place, 15.

fochlaid, a digging under something, 45.

fochrus, waist, breast; dar fochrus, 6.
O’Mulc. 557.

fo-fichim, J commit a crime; fofich, 35 ;
fofechar, 43.

GLOSSARY 49

folt-gabal, f. a seizing by the hair, 44.

foltmaisse, /onsure (?), 36.

forais, 7mpounding, 39.

forbach, fraction (?), 43; gen. forbaich,
ib.

forchor, rape, 50.

fo-rigim, J ind; forsither, 4.

for-loscud, a burning, 36.

forngaire, proclamation, 28.

for-ta, 7s upon, 34, 36, 39, 40, 41, 48.

fortamlas, m. prevalence, superiority, 19.

forus, n. enactment, 28, 34, 36, 37, 38,39,
40, 41, 48.

frith-fola, a cro§s-case, 43.

faal, urine, acc. fri fiial, 6.

geir, /ard; gen. gereth, 2.

glaisine, woad, 52.

gor, dutiful, 6; compar. goriu, ib.

greim, n. a hold, 13; nom. acc. pl.
gremann, Jonds, 22, 26.

ifechta, mow, 4, II, 15.

inber, m. @ spz/, a flesh-fork; gen. cend
ind inbir, 2.

inbuithi (fri), fit 40 de classed (with), 34.

inducbude, exalied, 30.

ingnima, fit for deeds, 34.

ingreimm, n. persecution, danger, 41.

in-indrig, one whose wound requires a
tent, 44.

in-uithir (from othar), one confined to
bed, 44.

iris, f. a strap, 6

lenban, a dade, 3, 7.
leth-dire, f. a half-due, 36.
leth-fiach, m. a half-due, 32, 44.
leth-6il, f. one cheek, 12.

{1V. 12]

loss, sake, behalf; ar den-lus, for one
purpose, 18. See note.

lua, a kick; dat. li, 23 ; com’ lat, LU.
114), ro.

maithi, wel// 11.

mathre, maternal kinsfolk, 12.

meblugud, a shaming, defiling, 50.

menadach, n. meal and butter mixed;
gen. mionathaig (menathcha, R), 45.

mesrugud, judgement, 25.

meth, n. decay, 19, 20.

methaim, J decay; methfaid, 27.

mias, f. he aliar-slab; gen. cluicin mési
Adomnain, 17.

miathach (mfadach), dignzfied, hinds
20.

muiri, m. @ chieflain; acc. co muirig,
gf,

mul, a dowl; a mul imme, 2.
mulléc, Laws.

Dimin.

mur-chrech (sic leg.), 45. See note.

nenaid, the common netile, 23; dat.
dobeir l4n a duirn do nenaid dé,
Hib. Min. 72, 2; gen. nirba him-
pide nendta im chloich 4eil, Rawl.
512, 113 b*?; Sfd Nenta, n. 1.

6g-dire, f. a full due, 36.
6il, f. a cheek, 7. See leth-6il.
opair, f. work, 3.

pennait, f. penance; gen. penda, 35.

poll, m. a hole, pit; dat. asin pull tal-
man, 2.

port, m. @ place, 36; dat. for indara
burt (port, B), 7; for in burt (bpurt,
B), ib.

50

rath, a guarantee, guarantor, 26; n. pl.
ratha, 22, 26.

reilec, a burial-place; acc. reilec, 25.

riacad, a fearing; riacad étaich, 50.

rigim, J streich; fut. sg. 1: rigfet, 11.

roid, dye-siuff, 52. Laws.

ro-sagim, J reach; nf roisit, 11.

ruam, red dye, 52.

sad (sod), f. a dztch; dat. £6 saidh, 8.

saigim, J claim; na-da-sfa, 31; verb-n.
saigid, 30.

saigtheche, f. a suzt, claim, 39.

sal, drime, 13; gen. dar tuind sruthra
s4le sing, LL. 298 a.

salchur, sime,14. BB. 450a, 28; TF.
24, 21.

sar-tairbert, 44. Sce note.

screpall, m. a scruple, a standard of
value; screpall dir, 24; nom. pl.
scripuil, 44.

screplach (collective), f. gen. screplaigi,
19.

séimed, seed, race, 19, 20.

sep, deans, 52; seib gl. ada, Sg. 734, 5.

siu, here; s{u né tall, 9.

sder-chland, a freeman, noble, 26.

sroigled, a flogging, 3.

sai, m. a learned man, sage; acc. pl.
suthiu (suithi, B), 28.

GLOSSARY

tdide, f. secrecy, stealth, 52. Cf. dune-
taide.

taiselbad, an exhibiting; i tasilbhath,
as a trophy, 3.

tartur. See dorat.

téchtaide, law/ul, 34, 42.

tiag, f. a satchel, bag; tiag (téch, B)
looin, 3.

tiget, m. ¢hickness; ba sé tigét in 4ir,
"

toichned’, keeping a person fasting ; fri
toichniuth, 48. Laws; toichne[d]|
beoil cin biadh, H. 3. 18, 207 a; hi
toichned .i. hi troscud, LU. 84, 31.

tragna, a corncrake, 23; \abraid tragna
trén bard, Four Songs, p. 10, § 7.

trebad, household; gen. trebthai, 24.

tréitine, a small flock, 24.

trisse, a period of three days, 38; treise,
Laws.

tiarasndal, sestimony, proof, 533; co
tuarasndul, 46; tuarastal, Laws.

tuinidech, 39. See note.

tummad, a dipping ; do tummud, 2.

tustigud, a bringing forth, propagation,
4.

tiag-ingen, f. a virgen, 9.
viar-both, f. az outer hut; dat. i n-
tiarboith, 2.

2 Verb-noun of do-cinim, ‘I fast’; docinet lais fo domnach, Imr. Brain, II, p. 286, 1. 24.

INDEX NOMINUM

Abraam, Abraham, 1.

Adam, 1.

Adamnan (Adomnan), passim.

Aed, paternal ancestor of Adamnan, 1.

Aed Finn, ro.

Aed Odbae, 28»

Aed son of Dltthach, king of Fir Cul,
28.

Aed Sléibte, a bishop, 28.

Ailill son of Ctcenmathair, king of
Mag Féne, 28.

Ambrois, S/. Ambrose, 32.

Andelaith, king of the northern Deisi,
28.

Andreas, S#, Andrew, 22.

Artur, grandfather of Feradach, 28.

Béce Boirchi, king of Ulster, 28.

Bodbchath, king of Luigne, 28.

Brugach mac Dedad, 12.

Bruide son of Derile, king of the Picts,
28.

Cairnech, 22,

Cardide, of Ross Mér, 28.

Carthach, 22.

Cellach son of Gerthide, king of
Diaballaigin, 28.

Cellach son of Ragallach, king of
Connaught, 28.

Cellach, father of Cudf{naisc, 28.

Cellach Derg, king of Leinster, 17, 19
= Cellach Carmain, 18.

Cennfaelad, abbot of Bangor, 28.

Cennféelad, father of Toicthech, 28.

Cernach, father of Nfall, 28.

Ceti, a bishop, 28.

Ciandn, 22.

Ciaran, grandfather of Feradach, 28.

Ciaran, nom. du. in d4 Chfaran, 22.

Cilline son of Luibnedn, abbot of Birr,
22.

Coleu son of Méenach, abbot of Lusk,
28.

Colman, 22.

Colman son of Findbarr, 28.

Colman son of Rechtabra, king of
Ferns, 28.

Colman son of Sechnasach, abbot of
Lorrha, 28.

Colman, grandson of Orcc, abbot of
Clonard, 22.

Colum, paternal ancestor of Adamnan, 1.

Conall son of Doinennach, king of
Hui Fidgenti, 28.

Conall Grant, king of southern Bregia,
28.

Conamail son of Con4n, a bishop, 28.

Conan, father of Conamail, 28.

Conang, I7.

Conang, father of Condalach, 28.

Conang, grandfather of Irgalach, 28.

52 INDEX NOMINUM

Conchobar son of Mailduin, king of
Cenél Coirpri, 28.

Condalach son of Conang, king of
Corco Duibne, 28.

Congal son of Suibne, king of the Deisi,
28.

Congal, grandson of Mrachaide, 28.

Congalach son of Fergus, king of
Tirconnell, 28.

Conodar, abbot of Lismore, 28.

Corpre son of Cucholuimb, king of
Hui Ceindselaig, 28.

Crist, Christ, 1; ar Chrfst frit! 13.

Crénan, nom. du. in d4 Chrénan, 22.

Crundmél, father of Eoganan, 28.

Crundmél, grandfather of Erthuile, 28.

Cucenmathair, father of Ailill, 28.

Ciacherea, king of Ossory, 17, 28.

Cicholuimb, father of Corpre, 28.

Cidinaise son of Cellach, king of
Irmumu, 28.

Cuiritén, a bishop, 22. Curetan, 28.

Derile, father of Bruide, 28.

Dibchéne son of Fili, 28.

Diblaine Elnai, abbot of Emly, 28.

Dibléne, abbot of Tir Da Glas, 28.

Dluthach son of Fidchellach, king of
Hui Maine, 28.

Dlithach, father of Aed, 28.

Déelgus son of Oengus, king of
Munster, 17, 18.

Doinennach, father of Conall, 28.

Domnall son of Murchad, king of
Ulster, 20.

Domnall, grandfather of Euchu, 28.

Donnfraech, 17.

Dubdibere, 28.

Diuilech, 22.

Dunchad, grandfather of Tuathal, 28.

Dunchad, king of Hii Amalgaid and
Hui Fiachrach Murisc, 28.

Danchad, father of Echuid, 28.

Duanchad, grandfather of Fiannamail,
28.

Dunlang, father of Elodach, 28.

Echuid son of Diunchad, king of the
Deisi, 28.

Elodach, king of the Deisi, 17, 18.
Elodach son of Dinlang, king of
Desmond, 28.

Eochaid, abbot of Clogne, 22, 28.

Eoganan son of Crundmél, king of
Hui Fidgenti, 28.

Erthuile, grandson of Crundmél, 28.

Eterseél, son of Mailumez, king of
Munster, 28.

Euchu Lemne, king of Hui Cremthain,
28.

Euchu, grandson of Domnall, 28.

Féelan, of Clonfert-Brenann, 28.
F4elan hua Silne, 28.

Fdelcht son of Ma4elrubai, 28.

Failbe Becc, abbot of Clonmacnois, 28.
Fallomain, king of Hui Tuirtri, 28.
Féchine, 22.

Fedlimid, grandson of Fergus, 28.
Feradach, grandson of Artur, 28.
Feradach, grandson of Cfaran, 28.
Fergal, father of Flaithnfa, 28.
Fergus, father of Congalach, 28.
Fergus, grandfather of Fedlimid, 28.
Fergus, paternal ancestor of Adamnan, rt.
Fergus Forchraid, 28.

Fiachra Cossalach, king of the Picts, 28.
Fiannamail, grandson of Duinchad, 28.

INDEX NOMINUM 53

Fidchellach, father of Dluthach, 28.
Fili, father of Dibchéne, 28.
Findbarr, father of Colman, 28.
Fingin Eoganach, 17.
Finnén, 22.
Fintan, n. pl. na cethri Fintain, 22.
Flaithnia son of Fergal, 28.
Fland Febla, bishop of Armagh, 28.
Fland Find son of Maeltuile, king of
Tyrone, 28.
Féelan, abbot of Emly, 22.
Fogartach, 28.
Forannan, of Kildare, 28.
>
Garban, king of Meath, 28.
Gerthide, father of Cellach, 28.
Giurgius, S/. George, 32.
Grigoir, Gregory the Great, 22. Grigair
Romae, 32.

Iacob, Si. James, 32.

Ichtbricht, Lcgberc/, a bishop, 28.

Ioain ecna mac in Gobann, 28.

Iohain, S/. John, 32.

Iond4n mac Samdin, 22 = Iohain mac
Samuél, 28.

Irgalach, grandson of Conang, king of
Bregia, 17, 21. King of Ciannacht,
28.

Loingsech Bregbén son of Oecengus,
king of Ireland, 16, 17, 28.

Luan, grandfather of Togialléc, 28.

Lucas, St. Luke, 32.

Lugaid, paternalancestor of Adamnan, t.
Cenél Lugdach, 12.

Luibnedn, father of Cillfne, 28.

Mac Labartha Lain, 22.

Macnia, king of Ard ta nEchach, 28.
Madian, S/. Matthias, 32.
Mailcdich son of Noindenach, 28.
Mailcoisnai mac Dall, 28.
MaAildub, father of Mailfothartaig, 28.
Maildub, a bishop, 22, 28.
Maildtin, father of Conchobar, 28.
MaAildtin, father of Muirges, 28.
Mailfothartaig, son of M4ildub, 28.
Mailrubai, father of Faelcht, 28.
Mailtuile, father of Fland Find, 28.
Mailuma, father of Eterscél, 28.
Mainchine, of Leighlin, 28.

Maire, the Virgin Mary, 9.

Mane, son of Niall, 28.

Marcus, S/. Mark, 32.

Martan, S¢. Mariin, 32.

Mathias, S/. Matthew, 32.

Mend Maiche, abbot of Ferns, 28.
Moacru, 28.

Mobeée, of Ard, 28.

Mobi, 22.

Mobiu, 22.

Mochonnui, of Derry, 28.
Méenach, father of Colcu, 28.
Moling, of Luachair, 28.
Moméaedée, 22.

Mosacra, 28.

Mrachaide, grandfather of Congal, 28.
Muirges, son of Maildiin, 28.
Munnu, 22.

Murchad, father of Domnall, 20.
Murchad, of Meath, 28.

Murchi, of Balla, 28.

Mureht maccu Machthéine, 28.

Niall, paternal ancestor of Adamnan, I.
Niall son of Cernach, king of Bregmag,
28.

54 INDEX NOMINUM

Niall, father of Mane, 28.
Noindenach, father of Mailcdich, 28.

Oengus, father of Déelgus, 17, 18.

Oengus, father of Loingsech, 28.

Oisine son of Glas, abbot of Clonfert-
Molua, 28.

Orce, grandfather of Colman, 28.

Parthalén, S/. Bartholomew, 32.
Patraic, S/. Patrick, in d& Patraic, 22.
Petar, S/. Pefer, 22, 32.

Pilip, S¢. Philip, 32.

Pol, Si. Paul, 22.

Ragallach, father of Cellach, 28.

Rechtabra, father of Colman, 28.

R6énan, gen. Rén4in, 1, paternal ancestor
of Adamnan.

Ronnat, Adamnan’s mother, 8, 12, 25.

Samuél, father of Iohain, 28.

Scothine, 22.

Sechnasach, father of Colman, 22.
Senan, 22. .

Sen-P6l, Paul the Hermit, 32.
Sétna, paternal ancestor of Adamnan, 1.
Silne, grandfather of Faelan, 28.
Simon, S/. Simon, 32.

Smirgat, daughter of Aed Finn, ro.
Stefan, S/. Stephen, 32.

Suadbar, of Inis Deimle, 28.
Suibne, father of Congal, 28.

Tatheus, S/. Thaddeus, 32.

Tinne, paternal ancestor of Adamnan, tf.

Togialléc, grandson of Luan, 28.

Toicthech son of Cennfdelad, king of
Luigne, 28.

Tomas, S/. Zhomas, 32.

Tuathal, grandson of Dunchad, king of
Hui Conaill Gabrae, 28.

Victor, S/, Victor, 22.

INDEX LOCORUM

Air-Mumu, f.; gen. Irmuman, 28.

Alba, f. Great Britain; gen. Alban, 28;
dat. Albain, 34.

Ard, n.; gen. Aird, 28,

Ard hta nEchach, 28.

Ard Macha, Wt. Armagh; gen. Aird
Machae, 28.

Ath Drochait, Drogheda, 6.

Babilon, f.; gen. Babiléne, 1; dat.
Baibildéin, 1.

Balna, gen. Balnai, 28.

Bennchor, Bangor ; gen. Bennchuir, 28.

Biror, Zirr ; gen. Biruir (Berair, B), 28.

Birra (pl.), Birr; dat. oc Birraib, 28.

Bréfne Connacht, 10.

Brega (pl.), gen. i ndescert Breg, 6,
10, 28; rf Breg, 17; dat. sg. for
Breg, 21.

Breg-mag, n., 28.

Carman, gen. Carmain, 18.

Carric in Chulinn, 14.

Cell Dara, Ki/dare; gen. Cille Dara, 28.
Cenél Coirpri, 28.

Cenél Conaill, 12, 16, 28.

Cenél Endai, 12.

Cenél Eogain, 28.

Cenél Lugdach, 12,

Cianacht, 28.

Claain Ferta Brénaind, 28.

Claain Ferta Molia, 28.

Cliain Iraird, Clonard, 28.
Cliain mic Néis, Clonmacnots, 28.
Cliain Tama, Cloyne, 22, 28.
Connacht, 28.

Corcu Duibne, 28.
Cruithen-tuiath, 28.

Cruithne, Pics, 28.

Cal, 28.

Daire, Derry, 28.

Déisi, 17, 18; rf inna nDéissi, 28;
r{ in Déissi tuiaiscirt, 28.

Des-mumu, f. Desmond, 28.

Diabal-laigin, 28.

Drochat Suilidi, 12.

Fanait, 16.

Femen, gen. Feimin, 18.
Ferna, ferns; gen. Fernai, 28.
Fir Muman, I5.

Hériu, f. /reland; gen. Hérenn, 30, 31 ;
dat. Hérinn, 34.

Hui Aedo Odba, 6, Io.

Hai Amalgaid, 28.

Hui Ceindselaig, 28.

Hui Cellaig, i.e. Hui Cellaig Cualann,
a tribe in the north of the present
county of Wicklow, 19.

Hii Conaill Gabrae, 28.

56 INDEX LOCORUM

Hui Cremthainn, 28.

Hui Fiachrach Murisc, 28.
Hui Fidginti, 28.

Hui Maine, 28.

Huai Mrachaidi, 28.

Hui Néill, 15.

Hui Tuirtri, 28.

I, Jona, 27; gen. le, ib., 28, 43.

Imlech Ibair, Emly; gen. Imlecha
Ibair, 22.

Inis Deimle, 28.

Laigin, gen. rf Laigen, 17, 19.
Lessmor, Lismore; gen. Lisméir, 28.
Lethglenn, gen. Leithglinne, 28.
Lettir, gen. Lettrech, 18.

Lothra, Lorrha, 22; gen. Lothrai, 28.
Luachair, gen. Luachra, 28.

Luaigne Temrach, 10.

Lugne (Leyne), 28.

Lugne (Lune), 28.

Lusea, Lusk; gen. Luscan, 28.

Mag Birra, 15.

Mag Féne, 28.

Mastiu, JJullaghmast ;
20.

Mide, n. Meath, 28.

Mumu, f. Munster ; gen. fir Muman, 15;
airdr{ Muman, 17, 28.

acc. Mastin,

Odba, 6, 10, 28.
Osraige, Ossory, 17; Oseirghe, 28.

Raith Both Tire Conaill, Raphoe, 14,
23.
Ross Mér, gen. Ruiss Mair, 28.

Sléibte, Sletty, 28.

Tir Conaill, 14.
Tir Da Glas, 28.

Uaithne, dat. i nUaithniu, 6.
Ulaid, gen. rf Ulad, 20, 28.

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